XA-G39 [NXP]
XA 16-bit microcontroller family XA 16-bit microcontroller 32K FLASH/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs; XA的16位微控制器XA系列16位微控制器32K闪存/ 1K RAM ，看门狗， 2个UART
| 型号： | XA-G39 |
| 厂家： | 
NXP |
| 描述： | XA 16-bit microcontroller family XA 16-bit microcontroller 32K FLASH/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs |
| 文件： | 总42页 (文件大小：216K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
XA-G39
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K FLASH/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
Preliminary data
2002 Mar 13
Philips
Semiconductors
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• Boot ROM contains low level Flash programming routines for
The XA-G39 is a member of Philips’ 80C51 XA (eXtended
Architecture) family of high performance 16-bit single-chip
microcontrollers.
In-Application Programming and a default serial loader using the
UART
• 1024 bytes of on-chip data RAM
The XA-G39 contains 32 kbytes of Flash program memory, and
provides three general purpose timers/counters, a watchdog timer,
dual UARTs, and four general purpose I/O ports with programmable
output configurations.
• Supports off-chip program and data addressing up to 1 megabyte
(20 address lines)
• Three standard counter/timers with enhanced features (same as
XA-G3 T0, T1, and T2). All timers have a toggle output capability
A default serial loader program in the Boot ROM allows In-System
Programming (ISP) of the Flash memory without the need for a
loader in the Flash code. User programs may erase and reprogram
the Flash memory at will through the use of standard routines
contained in the Boot ROM (In-Application Programming).
• Watchdog timer
• Two enhanced UARTs with independent baud rates
• Seven software interrupts
• Four 8-bit I/O ports, with 4 programmable output configurations for
each pin
FEATURES
• 30 MHz operating frequency at 5 V
• 32 kbytes of on-chip Flash program memory with In-System
Programming capability
• Power saving operating modes: Idle and Power-Down.
Wake-Up from power-down via an external interrupt is supported.
• Three Flash blocks = two 8 kbyte blocks and one 16 kbyte block
• Provides Flash solution for XA-G37 (OTP) designs
• 44-pin PLCC package
• Single supply voltage In-System Programming (ISP) of the Flash
memory (V = V , or V = 12 V if desired)
PP
DD
PP
BLOCK DIAGRAM
XA CPU Core
Program
Memory
Bus
SFR
bus
UART 0
UART 1
32 KBYTES
FLASH
Data
Bus
1024 BYTES
STATIC RAM
TIMER 0, 1
TIMER 2
PORT 0
PORT 1
PORT 2
PORT 3
WATCHDOG
TIMER
SU01594
2
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
ORDERING INFORMATION
TEMPERATURE RANGE (°C)
FREQ.
(MHz)
DRAWING
NUMBER
FLASH
AND PACKAGE
0 to +70
PXAG39KBA
30
SOT187-2
44-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
LOGIC SYMBOL
V
V
SS
DD
XTAL1
XTAL2
T2EX
T2
TXD1
RXD1
A3
A2
A1
A0/WRH
RST
EA/WAIT
PSEN
ALE
RxD0
TxD0
INT0
INT1
T0
T1/BUSW
WRL
RD
SU01588
3
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
PINNING INFORMATION
44-Pin PLCC Package
6
1
40
7
39
PLCC
17
29
18
28
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Function
Pin
Function
V
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
V
SS
DD
P1.0/A0/WRH
P1.1/A1
P1.2/A2
P2.0/A12D8
P2.1/A13D9
P2.2/A14D10
P2.3/A15D11
P2.4/A16D12
P2.5/A17D13
P2.6/A18D14
P2.7/A19D15
PSEN
P1.3/A3
P1.4/RxD1
P1.5/TxD1
P1.6/T2
P1.7/T2EX
RST
P3.0/RxD0
NC
P3.1/TxD0
P3.2/INT0
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/T0
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
ALE
NC
EA/V /WAIT
PP
P0.7/A11D7
P0.6/A10D6
P0.5/A9D5
P0.4/A8D4
P0.3/A7D3
P0.2/A6D2
P0.1/A5D1
P0.0/A4D0
P3.5/T1/BUSW
P3.6/WRL
P3.7/RD
XTAL2
XTAL1
V
V
SS
DD
SU01035
4
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN
NO.
MNEMONIC
TYPE
NAME AND FUNCTION
V
1, 22
I
I
Ground: 0 V reference.
Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal, idle, and power down operation.
SS
V
DD
23, 44
43–36
P0.0 – P0.7
I/O
Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit I/O port with a user-configurable output type. Port 0 latches have 1s written to
them and are configured in the quasi-bidirectional mode during reset. The operation of port 0 pins as
inputs and outputs depends upon the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured
independently. Refer to the section on I/O port configuration and the DC Electrical Characteristics for
details.
When the external program/data bus is used, Port 0 becomes the multiplexed low data/instruction byte and
address lines 4 through 11.
P1.0 – P1.7
2–9
I/O
O
Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit I/O port with a user-configurable output type. Port 1 latches have 1s written to
them and are configured in the quasi-bidirectional mode during reset. The operation of port 1 pins as
inputs and outputs depends upon the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured
independently. Refer to the section on I/O port configuration and the DC Electrical Characteristics for
details.
Port 1 also provides special functions as described below.
2
A0/WRH:
Address bit 0 of the external address bus when the external data bus is configured for
an 8 bit width. When the external data bus is configured for a 16 bit width, this pin
becomes the high byte write strobe.
3
4
5
6
7
O
O
O
I
A1:
A2:
Address bit 1 of the external address bus.
Address bit 2 of the external address bus.
Address bit 3 of the external address bus.
Receiver input for serial port 1.
A3:
RxD1 (P1.4):
TxD1 (P1.5):
O
Transmitter output for serial port 1.
8
9
I/O
I
T2 (P1.6):
Timer/counter 2 external count input/clockout.
Timer/counter 2 reload/capture/direction control
T2EX (P1.7):
P2.0 – P2.7
24–31
I/O
Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit I/O port with a user-configurable output type. Port 2 latches have 1s written to
them and are configured in the quasi-bidirectional mode during reset. The operation of port 2 pins as
inputs and outputs depends upon the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured
independently. Refer to the section on I/O port configuration and the DC Electrical Characteristics for
details.
When the external program/data bus is used in 16-bit mode, Port 2 becomes the multiplexed high
data/instruction byte and address lines 12 through 19. When the external program/data bus is used in 8-bit
mode, the number of address lines that appear on port 2 is user programmable.
P3.0 – P3.7
11,
13–19
I/O
Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit I/O port with a user configurable output type. Port 3 latches have 1s written to
them and are configured in the quasi-bidirectional mode during reset. the operation of port 3 pins as inputs
and outputs depends upon the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured independently.
Refer to the section on I/O port configuration and the DC Electrical Characteristics for details.
Port 3 also provides various special functions as described below.
11
13
14
15
16
I
O
I
RxD0 (P3.0):
TxD0 (P3.1):
INT0 (P3.2):
INT1 (P3.3):
T0 (P3.4):
Receiver input for serial port 0.
Transmitter output for serial port 0.
External interrupt 0 input.
External interrupt 1 input.
Timer 0 external input, or timer 0 overflow output.
I
I/O
17
I/O
T1/BUSW (P3.5): Timer 1 external input, or timer 1 overflow output. The value on this pin is latched
as the external reset input is released and defines the default external data bus
width (BUSW). 0 = 8-bit bus and 1 = 16-bit bus.
18
19
O
O
WRL (P3.6):
RD (P3.7):
External data memory low byte write strobe.
External data memory read strobe.
RST
ALE
10
I
Reset: A low on this pin resets the microcontroller, causing I/O ports and peripherals to take on their
default states, and the processor to begin execution at the address contained in the reset vector. Refer to
the section on Reset for details.
33
I/O
Address Latch Enable: A high output on the ALE pin signals external circuitry to latch the address portion
of the multiplexed address/data bus. A pulse on ALE occurs only when it is needed in order to process a
bus cycle.
5
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
PIN
NO.
MNEMONIC
TYPE
NAME AND FUNCTION
PSEN
32
O
Program Store Enable: The read strobe for external program memory. When the microcontroller
accesses external program memory, PSEN is driven low in order to enable memory devices. PSEN is only
active when external code accesses are performed.
EA/WAIT/
35
I
External Access/Wait/Programming Supply Voltage: The EA input determines whether the internal
program memory of the microcontroller is used for code execution. The value on the EA pin is latched as
the external reset input is released and applies during later execution. When latched as a 0, external
program memory is used exclusively, when latched as a 1, internal program memory will be used up to its
limit, and external program memory used above that point. After reset is released, this pin takes on the
function of bus Wait input. If Wait is asserted high during any external bus access, that cycle will be
extended until Wait is released. During EPROM programming, this pin is also the programming supply
voltage input.
V
PP
XTAL1
XTAL2
21
20
I
Crystal 1: Input to the inverting amplifier used in the oscillator circuit and input to the internal clock
generator circuits.
O
Crystal 2: Output from the oscillator amplifier.
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
BIT FUNCTIONS AND ADDRESSES
SFR
ADDRESS
RESET
VALUE
NAME
DESCRIPTION
MSB
LSB
ENBOOT
FMIDLE
PWR_VLD
AUXR
BCR
Auxiliary function register
Bus configuration register
Bus timing register high byte
Bus timing register low byte
44C
46A
469
468
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
WAITD BUSD
BC2
DR0
CR0
BC1
BC0
Note 1
FF
BTRH
BTRL
DW1
WM1
DW0
WM0
DWA1
ALEW
DWA0
—
DR1
CR1
DRA1
CRA1
DRA0
CRA0
EF
CS
DS
ES
Code segment
Data segment
Extra segment
443
441
442
00
00
00
33F
—
33E
—
33D
—
33C
—
33B
ETI1
333
33A
ERI1
332
339
ETI0
331
338
ERI0
330
IEH*
IEL*
Interrupt enable high byte
Interrupt enable low byte
427
426
00
00
337
EA
336
—
335
—
334
ET2
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
IPA0
IPA1
IPA2
IPA4
IPA5
Interrupt priority 0
Interrupt priority 1
Interrupt priority 2
Interrupt priority 4
Interrupt priority 5
4A0
4A1
4A2
4A4
4A5
—
—
PT0
PT1
—
—
—
PX0
PX1
PT2
PRI0
PRI1
381
00
00
00
00
00
—
—
—
PTI0
PTI1
385
AD5
38D
TxD1
395
P2.5
39D
T1
—
—
—
387
AD7
38F
T2EX
397
P2.7
39F
RD
386
AD6
38E
T2
384
AD4
38C
RxD1
394
383
AD3
38B
A3
382
AD2
38A
A2
380
AD0
388
P0*
P1*
P2*
P3*
Port 0
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
430
431
432
433
AD1
389
FF
FF
FF
FF
A1
WRH
390
396
P2.6
39E
WR
393
P2.3
39B
INT1
392
P2.2
39A
INT0
391
P2.4
39C
T0
P2.1
399
P2.0
398
TxD0
RxD0
6
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
BIT FUNCTIONS AND ADDRESSES
SFR
SFR
ADDRESS
ADDRESS
RESET
RESET
VALUE
VALUE
NAME
DESCRIPTION
MSB
LSB
P0CFGA Port 0 configuration A
P1CFGA Port 1 configuration A
P2CFGA Port 2 configuration A
P3CFGA Port 3 configuration A
P0CFGB Port 0 configuration B
P1CFGB Port 1 configuration B
P2CFGB Port 2 configuration B
P3CFGB Port 3 configuration B
470
471
472
473
4F0
4F1
4F2
4F3
Note 5
Note 5
Note 5
Note 5
Note 5
Note 5
Note 5
Note 5
227
—
226
—
225
—
224
—
223
—
222
—
221
PD
220
IDL
208
IM0
PCON*
PSWH*
Power control register
404
401
00
20F
SM
20E
TM
20D
RS1
20C
RS0
20B
IM3
20A
IM2
209
IM1
Program status word
(high byte)
Note 2
207
C
206
AC
205
—
204
—
203
—
202
V
201
N
200
Z
PSWL*
Program status word (low byte)
400
402
Note 2
Note 3
217
C
216
AC
215
F0
214
RS1
213
RS0
212
V
211
F1
210
P
PSW51* 80C51 compatible PSW
RTH0
RTH1
RTL0
RTL1
Timer 0 extended reload,
high byte
455
457
454
456
00
00
00
00
Timer 1 extended reload,
high byte
Timer 0 extended reload,
low byte
Timer 1 extended reload,
low byte
307
306
305
304
303
302
301
TI_0
309
300
RI_0
S0CON* Serial port 0 control register
420
421
SM0_0 SM1_0 SM2_0 REN_0 TB8_0 RB8_0
00
00
30F
—
30E
—
30D
—
30C
—
30B
FE0
30A
BR0
308
STINT0
S0STAT* Serial port 0 extended status
OE0
S0BUF
Serial port 0 buffer register
460
461
462
x
S0ADDR Serial port 0 address register
00
00
S0ADEN Serial port 0 address enable
register
327
326
325
324
323
322
321
TI_1
329
320
RI_1
S1CON* Serial port 1 control register
424
425
SM0_1 SM1_1 SM2_1 REN_1 TB8_1 RB8_1
00
00
32F
—
32E
—
32D
—
32C
—
32B
FE1
32A
BR1
328
STINT1
S1STAT* Serial port 1 extended status
OE1
S1BUF
Serial port 1 buffer register
464
465
466
x
S1ADDR Serial port 1 address register
00
00
S1ADEN Serial port 1 address enable
register
SCR
System configuration register
440
—
—
—
—
PT1
21B
PT0
21A
CM
219
PZ
00
21F
21E
21D
21C
218
ESWEN
R6SEG R5SEG R4SEG R3SEG R2SEG R1SEG R0SEG
SWE7 SWE6 SWE5 SWE4 SWE3 SWE2 SWE1
SSEL*
SWE
Segment selection register
Software Interrupt Enable
403
47A
00
00
—
7
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
BIT FUNCTIONS AND ADDRESSES
SFR
SFR
ADDRESS
ADDRESS
RESET
RESET
VALUE
VALUE
NAME
DESCRIPTION
MSB
LSB
357
—
356
SWR7
2C6
355
SWR6
2C5
354
353
352
351
350
SWR*
Software Interrupt Request
42A
418
419
SWR5 SWR4 SWR3 SWR2 SWR1
00
00
00
2C7
TF2
2CF
—
2C4
2C3
2C2
TR2
2CA
—
2C1
C/T2
2C9
2C0
CP/RL2
T2CON* Timer 2 control register
EXF2
2CE
—
RCLK0 TCLK0 EXEN2
2CD
2CC
2CB
—
2C8
T2MOD* Timer 2 mode control
RCLK1 TCLK1
T2OE DCEN
TH2
TL2
Timer 2 high byte
Timer 2 low byte
459
458
45B
00
00
00
T2CAPH Timer 2 capture register,
high byte
T2CAPL Timer 2 capture register,
low byte
45A
00
287
TF1
286
285
TF0
284
283
IE1
282
IT1
281
IE0
280
IT0
TCON*
Timer 0 and 1 control register
410
TR1
TR0
00
TH0
TH1
TL0
TL1
Timer 0 high byte
Timer 1 high byte
Timer 0 low byte
Timer 1 low byte
451
453
450
452
00
00
00
00
TMOD
Timer 0 and 1 mode control
45C
411
41F
GATE
28F
C/T
28E
—
M1
28D
—
M0
28C
—
GATE
28B
—
C/T
28A
M1
289
—
M0
288
T0OE
2F8
—
00
TSTAT*
Timer 0 and 1 extended status
—
T1OE
2FA
00
2FF
PRE2
2FE
PRE1
2FD
PRE0
2FC
—
2FB
—
2F9
WDRUN WDTOF
WDCON* Watchdog control register
Note 6
WDL
WFEED1
WFEED2
Watchdog timer reload
Watchdog feed 1
45F
45D
45E
00
x
Watchdog feed 2
x
NOTES:
*
SFRs are bit addressable.
1. At reset, the BCR register is loaded with the binary value 0000 0a11, where “a” is the value on the BUSW pin. This defaults the address bus
size to 20 bits since the XA-G39 has only 20 address lines.
2. SFR is loaded from the reset vector.
3. All bits except F1, F0, and P are loaded from the reset vector. Those bits are all 0.
4. Unimplemented bits in SFRs are X (unknown) at all times. Ones should not be written to these bits since they may be used for other
purposes in future XA derivatives. The reset value shown for these bits is 0.
5. Port configurations default to quasi-bidirectional when the XA begins execution from internal code memory after reset, based on the
condition found on the EA pin. Thus all PnCFGA registers will contain FF and PnCFGB registers will contain 00. When the XA begins
execution using external code memory, the default configuration for pins that are associated with the external bus will be push-pull. The
PnCFGA and PnCFGB register contents will reflect this difference.
6. The WDCON reset value is E6 for a Watchdog reset, E4 for all other reset causes.
7. The XA-G39 implements an 8-bit SFR bus, as stated in Chapter 8 of the XA User Guide. All SFR accesses must be 8-bit operations. Attempts
to write 16 bits to an SFR will actually write only the lower 8 bits. Sixteen bit SFR reads will return undefined data in the upper byte.
8. The AUXR reset value is typically 00h. If the Boot Loader is activated at reset because the Flash status byte is non-zero or because the Boot
Vector has been forced (by PSEN = 0, ALE = 1, EA = 1 at reset), the AUXR reset value will be 1x00 0000b. Bit 6 will be a 1 if the on-chip
V
PP
generator is running and ready, otherwise it will be a 0.
8
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
FFFFFh
UP TO 1 MBYTE
TOTAL CODE
MEMORY
FFFFh
F800h
2 KBYTES BOOT ROM
8000h
7FFFh
32 KBYTES
ON-CHIP
CODE MEMORY
0000h
Note: The Boot ROM is enabled via the ENBOOT bit in register AUXR.
SU01589
Figure 1. XA-G39 Program Memory Map
Data Segment 0
Other Data Segments
FFFFFh
FFFFFh
DATA MEMORY
(INDIRECTLY ADDRESSED,
OFF-CHIP)
DATA MEMORY
(INDIRECTLY ADDRESSED,
OFF-CHIP)
0400H
03FFh
0400H
03FFh
1 KBYTE
ON-CHIP DATA
MEMORY
DATA MEMORY
(DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY
ADDRESSABLE, ON CHIP)
DATA MEMORY
(DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY
ADDRESSABLE, OFF-CHIP)
(RAM)
DIRECTLY ADDRESSED DATA
(1k PER SEGMENT)
0040h
003Fh
0040h
003Fh
BIT-ADDRESSABLE
DATA AREA
BIT-ADDRESSABLE
DATA AREA
0020h
001Fh
0020h
001Fh
DATA MEMORY
DATA MEMORY
(DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY
ADDRESSABLE, ON CHIP)
(DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY
ADDRESSABLE, OFF-CHIP)
0000h
0000h
SU01590
Figure 2. XA-G39 Data Memory Map
9
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
FLASH EPROM MEMORY
CAPABILITIES OF THE PHILIPS XA-G39
FLASH-BASED MICROCONTROLLERS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Flash organization
The XA-G39 Flash memory augments EPROM functionality with
in-circuit electrical erasure and programming. The Flash can be read
and written as bytes. The Chip Erase operation will erase the entire
program memory. The Block Erase function can erase any single
Flash block. In-circuit programming and standard parallel
programming are both available. On-chip erase and write timing
generation contribute to a user friendly programming interface.
The XA-G39 contains 32 kbytes of Flash program memory. This
memory is organized as 3 separate blocks. The first two blocks are
8 kbytes in size, filling the program memory space from address 0
through 3FFF hex. The final block is 16 kbytes in size and occupies
addresses 4000 through 7FFF hex.
Figure 3 depicts the Flash memory configuration.
The XA-G39 Flash reliably stores memory contents even after
10,000 erase and program cycles. The cell is designed to optimize
the erase and programming mechanisms. In addition, the
combination of advanced tunnel oxide processing and low internal
electric fields for erase and programming operations produces
reliable cycling. For In-System Programming, the XA-G39 can use a
single +5 V power supply. Faster In-System Programming may be
Flash Programming and Erasure
The XA-G39 Flash microcontroller supports a number of
programming possibilities for the on-chip Flash memory. The Flash
memory may be programmed in a parallel fashion on standard
programming equipment in a manner similar to an EPROM
microcontroller. The XA-G39 microcontroller is able to program its
own Flash memory while the application code is running. Also, a
default loader built into a Boot ROM allows programming blank
devices serially through the UART.
obtained, if required, through the use of a +12 V V supply.
PP
Parallel programming (using separate programming hardware) uses
a +12 V V supply.
PP
Using any of these types of programming, any of the individual blocks
may be erased separately, or the entire chip may be erased.
FEATURES
Programming of the Flash memory is accomplished one byte at a time.
• Flash EPROM internal program memory with Single Voltage
Boot ROM
Programming and Block Erase capability.
When the microcontroller programs its own Flash memory, all of the
low level details are handled by code that is permanently contained
in a 2 kbyte “Boot ROM” that is separate from the Flash memory. A
user program simply calls the entry point with the appropriate
parameters to accomplish the desired operation. Boot ROM
operations include things like: erase block, program byte, verify
byte, program security lock bit, etc. The Boot ROM overlays the
program memory space from F800 to FFFF hex, when it is enabled
by setting the ENBOOT bit at AUXR.7. The Boot ROM may be turned
off so that the underlying address space becomes available.
• Internal 2 kbyte fixed boot ROM, containing low-level
programming routines and a default loader. The Boot ROM can
be turned on and off via ENBOOT in the AUXR register.
• The boot vector allows a user provided Flash loader code to
reside anywhere in the Flash memory space. This configuration
provides flexibility to the user.
• The default loader in Boot ROM allows programming via the serial
port without the need for a user-provided loader.
• Up to 1 Mbyte external program memory if the internal program
ENBOOT and PWR_VLD
Setting the ENBOOT bit in the AUXR register enables the Boot
memory is disabled (EA = 0).
ROM and activates the on-chip V generator if V is connected to
PP
PP
• Programming and erase voltage: V = V (5 V power supply),
PP
DD
V
V
rather than 12 V externally. The PWR_VLD flag indicates that
is available for programming and erase operations. This flag
DD
or 12 V ±5% for In System Programming. Using 12 V V for ISP
PP
PP
improves programming and erase time.
should be checked prior to calling the Boot ROM for programming
and erase services. When ENBOOT is set, it typically takes
5 microseconds for the internal programming voltage to be ready.
• Read/Programming/Erase in ISP:
– Byte-wise read (60 ns access time at 4.5 V).
The ENBOOT bit will automatically be set if the status byte is
non-zero during reset, or when PSEN is low, ALE is high, and EA is
high at the falling edge of reset. Otherwise, ENBOOT will be cleared
during reset.
– Byte Programming (0.5–1 minute for 32 K flash, depending on
clock frequency).
• In-circuit programming via user selected method, typically RS232
or parallel I/O port interface.
When programming functions are not needed, ENBOOT may be
cleared. This enables access to the 2 kbytes of Flash code memory
that is overlaid by the Boot ROM, allowing a full 32 kbytes of Flash
code memory.
• Programmable security for the code in the Flash.
• 10,000 minimum erase/program cycles each byte over operating
temperature range.
• 10 year minimum data retention.
10
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
7FFF
BLOCK 2
16 KBYTES
PROGRAM
ADDRESS
4000
BLOCK 1
8 KBYTES
2000
0000
BLOCK 0
8 KBYTES
SU01591
Figure 3. Flash Memory Configuration
Program Counter (BPC) and the Boot PSW (BPSW). The factory
default settings are 8000h for the BPSW and F800h for the BPC,
which corresponds to the address F900h for the factory masked-ROM
ISP boot loader. The Status Byte is automatically set to a non-zero
value when a programming error occurs. A custom boot loader can
be written with the Boot Vector set to the custom boot loader.
FMIDLE
The FMIDLE bit in the AUXR register allows saving additional power
by turning off the Flash memory when the CPU is in the Idle mode.
This must be done just prior to initiating the Idle mode, as shown
below.
OR
AUXR,#$40
; Set Flash memory
to idle mode.
; Turn on Idle mode.
; Execution resumes
here when Idle
NOTE: When erasing the Status Byte or Boot Vector, these
bytes are erased at the same time. It is necessary to reprogram
the Boot Vector after erasing and updating the Status Byte.
OR
.
PCON,#$01
.
Hardware Activation of the Boot Vector
mode terminates.
Program execution at the Boot Vector may also be forced from
outside of the microcontroller by setting the correct state on a few
pins. While Reset is asserted, the PSEN pin must be pulled low, the
ALE pin allowed to float high (need not be pulled up externally), and
When the Flash memory is put into the Idle mode by setting FMIDLE,
restarting the CPU upon exiting Idle mode takes slightly longer,
about 3 microseconds. However, the standby current consumed by
the Flash memory is reduced from about 8mA to about 1mA.
the EA pin driven to a logic high (or up to V ). Then reset may be
PP
released. This is the same effect as having a non-zero status byte.
This allows building an application that will normally execute the end
user’s code but can be manually forced into ISP operation. The Boot
ROM is enabled when use of the Boot Vector is forced as described
above, so the branch may go to the default loader. Conversely, user
code in the program memory space from F800h to FFFFh may not
be executed when the Boot Vector is used.
Default Loader
A default loader that accepts programming commands in a
predetermined format is contained permanently in the Boot ROM. A
factory fresh device will enter this loader automatically if it is
powered up without first being programmed by the user. Loader
commands include functions such as erase block; program Flash
memory; read Flash memory; and blank check.
If the factory default setting for the BPC (F800h) is changed, it will
no longer point to the ISP masked-ROM boot loader code. If this
happens, the only possible way to change the contents of the Boot
Vector is through the parallel programming method, provided that
the end user application does not contain a customized loader that
provides for erasing and reprogramming of the Boot Vector and
Status Byte.
Boot Vector
The XA-G39 contains two special FLASH registers: the BOOT
VECTOR and the STATUS BYTE.
The “Boot Vector” allows forcing the execution of a user supplied
Flash loader upon reset, under two specific sets of conditions. At the
falling edge of reset, the XA-G39 examines the contents of the
Status Byte. If the Status Byte is set to zero, power-up execution
starts at location 0000H, which is the normal start address of the
user’s application code.
After programming the FLASH, the status byte should be erased to
zero in order to allow execution of the user’s application code
beginning at address 0000H.
When the Status Byte is set to a value other than zero, the Boot
Vector is used as the reset vector (4 bytes), including the Boot
11
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
V
CC
V
V
SUPPLY OR +12V ±5%
DD
PP
FOR USE WITH WINISP OR FLASHMAGIC
RST
V
5V ±5%
TxD
DD
TxD
RxD
2
3
XTAL2
RxD
V
SS
RS-232
5
TRANSCEIVER
MC145406, MAX232,
OR EQUIVALENT
FEMALE
DB-9
XTAL1
V
SS
SU01593
Figure 4. In-System Programming with a Minimum of Pins
There is also an application note available that deals with In-System
Programming (AN716). At www.philipsmcu.com, search for “ISP”,
then select AN716 from the search results.
In-System Programming (ISP)
In-System Programming (ISP) is performed without removing the
microcontroller from the system. The In-System Programming (ISP)
facility consists of a series of internal hardware resources coupled
with internal firmware to facilitate remote programming of the
XA-G39 through the serial port. This firmware is provided by Philips
and embedded within each XA-G39 device.
Using In-System Programming (ISP)
ISP mode is entered by holding PSEN low, asserting, un-asserting
RESET, then releasing PSEN. When ISP mode is entered, the
default loader first disables the watchdog timer to prevent a
watchdog reset from occurring during programming.
The Philips In-System Programming (ISP) facility has made in-circuit
programming in an embedded application possible with a minimum
of additional expense in components and circuit board area.
The ISP feature allows for a wide range of baud rates to be used in
the application, independent of the oscillator frequency. It is also
adaptable to a wide range of oscillator frequencies. This is
accomplished by measuring the bit-time of a single bit in a received
character. This information is then used to program the baud rate in
terms of timer counts based on the oscillator frequency. The ISP
feature requires that an initial character (a lowercase f) be sent to
the XA-G39 to establish the baud rate. The ISP firmware provides
auto-echo of received characters.
The ISP function uses five pins: TxD, RxD, V , V , and V (see
Figure 4). Only a small connector needs to be available to interface
your application to an external circuit in order to use this feature.
SS
DD
PP
The V supply should be adequately decoupled and V not
PP
PP
allowed to exceed datasheet limits.
V
V
OSC FREQ
22 MHz
I
DD
CC
PP
5.0 V
5.0 V
5.0 V
5.0 V
75 mA typical
90 mA typical
Once baud rate initialization has been performed, the ISP firmware
will only accept specific Intel Hex-type records. Intel Hex records
consist of ASCII characters used to represent hexadecimal values
and are summarized below:
30 MHz
ISP increases I by less than 1mA.
DD
:NNAAAARRDD..DDCC<crlf>
Free ISP software is available on the Philips web site: “WinISP”
In the Intel Hex record, the “NN” represents the number of data
bytes in the record. The XA-G39 will accept up to 16 (10H) data
bytes. The “AAAA” string represents the address of the first byte in
the record. If there are zero bytes in the record, this field is often set
to 0000. The “RR” string indicates the record type. A record type of
“00” is a data record. A record type of “01” indicates the end-of-file
mark. In this application, additional record types will be added to
indicate either commands or data for the ISP facility. The maximum
number of data bytes in a record is limited to 16 (decimal). ISP
commands are summarized in Table 1.
1. Direct your browser to the following page:
http://www.semiconductors.com/mcu/download/80C51/flash/
2. Download “WinISP.exe”
3. Execute WinISP.exe to install the software
Free ISP software is also available from the Embedded Systems
Academy: “FlashMagic”
1. Direct your browser to the following page:
http://www.esacademy.com/software/flashmagic/
As a record is received by the XA-G39, the information in the record
is stored internally and a checksum calculation is performed. The
2. Download Flashmagic
3. Execute “flashmagic.exe” to install the software
12
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
operation indicated by the record type is not performed until the
entire record has been received. Should an error occur in the
checksum, the XA-G39 will send an “X” out the serial port indicating
a checksum error. If the checksum calculation is found to match the
checksum in the record, then the command will be executed. In
most cases, successful reception of the record will be indicated by
transmitting a “.” character out the serial port (displaying the
contents of the internal program memory is an exception).
RS-232, serially using some other method, or even parallel over a
user defined I/O port. The user has the freedom to choose a method
that does not interfere with the application circuit. As an added
feature, the application program may also use the Flash memory as
a long term data storage, saving configuration information, sensor
readings, or any other desired data.
The actual loader code would typically be programmed by the user
into the microcontroller in a parallel fashion or via the default loader
during their manufacturing process. The entire initial Flash contents
may be programmed at that time, or the rest of the application may
be programmed into the Flash memory at a later time, possibly
using the loader code to do the programming.
In the case of a Data Record (record type 00), an additional check is
made. A “.” character will NOT be sent unless the record checksum
matched the calculated checksum and all of the bytes in the record
were successfully programmed. For a data record, an “X” indicates
that the checksum failed to match, and an “R” character indicates
that one of the bytes did not properly program.
This application controlled programming capability allows for the
possibility of changing the application code in the field. If the
application circuit is embedded in a PC, or has a way to establish a
telephone data link to a user’s or manufacturer’s computer, new
code could be downloaded from diskette or a manufacturer’s
support system. There is even the possibility of conducting very
specialized remote testing of a failing circuit board by the
manufacturer by remotely programming a series of detailed test
programs into the application board and checking the results.
The ISP facility was designed so that specific crystal frequencies
were not required in order to generate baud rates or time the
programming pulses.
User Supplied Loader
A user program can simply decide at any time, for any reason, to
begin Flash programming operations. All it has to do in advance is to
instruct external circuitry to apply +5 V or +12 V to the V pin, and
PP
make certain that the Boot ROM is enabled. User code may contain
a loader designed to replace the application code contained in the
Flash memory by loading new code through any communication
medium available in the application. This is completely flexible and
defined by the designer of the system. It could be done serially using
Any user supplied loader should take the watchdog timer into
account. Typically, the watchdog timer would be disabled upon entry
to the loader if it might be running, in order to prevent a watchdog
reset from occurring during programming.
13
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
Table 1. Intel-Hex Records Used by In-System Programming
RECORD TYPE
COMMAND/DATA FUNCTION
00 or 80
Data Record
:nnaaaa00dd....ddcc
Where:
Nn
= number of bytes (hex) in record
Aaaa
= memory address of first byte in record
dd....dd = data bytes
cc
= checksum
Example:
:10008000AF5F67F0602703E0322CFA92007780C3FD
01 or 81
End of File (EOF), no operation
:xxxxxx01cc
Where:
xxxxxx
cc
= required field, but value is a “don’t care”
= checksum
Example:
:00000001FF
83
Miscellaneous Write Functions
:nnxxxx83ffssddcc
Where:
nn
= number of bytes (hex) in record
xxxx
83
ff
= required field, but value is a “don’t care”
= Write Function
= subfunction code
ss
dd
cc
= selection code
= data input (as needed)
= checksum
Subfunction Code = 01 (Erase Blocks)
ff = 01
ss = block number in bits 7:5, Bits 4:0 = zeros
block 0 : ss = 00h
block 1 : ss = 20h
block 2 : ss = 40h
Example:
:0200008301203C erase block 1
Subfunction Code = 04 (Erase Boot Vector and Status Byte)
ff = 04
ss = don’t care
dd = don’t care
Example:
:010000830478 erase boot vector and status byte
Subfunction Code = 05 (Program Security Bits)
ff = 05
ss = 00 program security bit 1 (inhibit writing to FLASH)
01 program security bit 2 (inhibit FLASH verify)
02 program security bit 3 (disable external memory)
Example:
:02000083050175 program security bit 2
Subfunction Code = 06 (Program Status Byte or Boot Vector)
ff = 06
ss = 00 program status byte
01 program boot vector
NOTE: Only two bits of these Special Cells may be programmed at one time.
Example:
:020000830601FC78 program boot vector to FC00h
14
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
RECORD TYPE
COMMAND/DATA FUNCTION
Display Device Data or Blank Check – Record type 84 causes the contents of the entire FLASH array to be sent out
84
the serial port in a formatted display. This display consists of an address and the contents of 16 bytes starting with that
address. No display of the device contents will occur if security bit 2 has been programmed. The dumping of the device
data to the serial port is terminated by the reception of any character.
General Format of Function 84
:05xxxx84sssseeeeffcc
Where:
05
xxxx
84
ssss
eeee
ff
= number of bytes (hex) in record
= required field, but value is a “don’t care”
= “Display Device Data or Blank Check” function code
= starting address
= ending address
= subfunction
00 = display data
01 = blank check
= checksum
cc
Example:
:0500008440004FFF00E9 display 4000–4FFF
85
Miscellaneous Read Functions
General Format of Function 85
:02xxxx85ffsscc
Where:
02
xxxx
85
=
=
=
=
number of bytes (hex) in record
required field, but value is a “don’t care”
“Miscellaneous Read” function code
ffss
subfunction and selection code
0000 = read signature byte – manufacturer id (15H)
0001 = read signature byte – device id # 1
0002 = read signature byte – device id # 2
(EAH)
(XA–G39 = 65H))
0700 = read security bits (returned value bits 3:1 = sb3,sb2,sb1)
0701 = read status byte
0702 = read boot vector
= checksum
cc
Example:
:02000085000178 read signature byte – device id # 1
15
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
common interface, PGM_MTP. The programming functions are
In-Application Programming Method
selected by setting up the microcontroller’s registers before making
a call to PGM_MTP at FFF0H. Results are returned in the registers.
The IAP calls are shown in Table 2.
Several In-Application Programming (IAP) calls are available for use
by an application program to permit selective erasing and
programming of FLASH sectors. All calls are made through a
Table 2. IAP calls
IAP CALL
PARAMETER
PROGRAM DATA BYTE
Input Parameters:
R0H = 02h or 92h
R6 = address of byte to program
R4L = byte to program
Return Parameter
R4L = 00 if pass, non-zero if fail
ERASE BLOCK
Input Parameters:
R0H = 01h or 93h
R6H = block number in bits 7:5, bits 4:0 = ’0’
block 0 : R6H = 00h
block 1 : R6H = 20h
block 2 : R6H = 40h
R6L = 00h
Return Parameter
R4L = 00 if pass, non-zero if fail
ERASE BPC and
STATUS BYTE
Input Parameters:
R0H = 04h
Return Parameter
R4L = 00 if pass, non-zero if fail
PROGRAM SECURITY BIT
PROGRAM STATUS BYTE
PROGRAM BPC high byte
Input Parameters:
R0H = 05h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 00h – security bit # 1 (inhibit writing to FLASH)
01h – security bit # 2 (inhibit FLASH verify)
02h – security bit # 3 (disable external memory)
Return Parameter
none
Input Parameters:
R0H = 06h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 00h – program status byte
R4L = status byte
Return Parameter
R4L = 00 if pass, non-zero if fail
NOTE: Only two bits of this Special Cell may be programmed at one time.
Input Parameters:
R0H = 06h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 01h – program BPC
R4L = BPC[15:8] (BPC[7:0] unchanged)
Return Parameter
R4L = 00 if pass, non-zero if fail
NOTE: Only two bits of this Special Cell may be programmed at one time.
READ DEVICE DATA
Input Parameters:
R0H = 03h
R6 = address of byte to read
Return Parameter
R4L = value of byte read
READ MANUFACTURER ID
Input Parameters:
R0H = 00h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 00h (manufacturer ID)
Return Parameter
R4L = value of byte read
16
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
IAP CALL
PARAMETER
READ DEVICE ID # 1
READ DEVICE ID # 2
READ SECURITY BITS
READ STATUS BYTE
READ BPC
Input Parameters:
R0H = 00h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 01h (device ID # 1)
Return Parameter
R4L = value of byte read
Input Parameters:
R0H = 00h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 02h (device ID # 2)
Return Parameter
R4L = value of byte read
Input Parameters:
R0H = 07h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 00h (security bits)
Return Parameter
R4L = value of byte read R4L[3:1] = sb3, sb2, sb1
Input Parameters:
R0H = 07h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 01h (status byte)
Return Parameter
R4L = value of BPC[15:8]
Input Parameters:
R0H = 07h
R6H = 00h
R6L = 02h (boot vector)
Return Parameter
R4L = value of byte read (high byte of Boot PC)
PROGRAM ALL ZERO
Input Parameters:
R0H = 90h
R6H = block number in bits 7:5, bits 4:0 = ‘0’
block 0 : r6h = 00h
block 1 : r6h = 20h
block 2 : r6h = 40h
R6L = 00h
Return Parameters:
R4L = 00 if pass, non–zero if fail
ERASE CHIP
Input Parameters:
R0H = 91h
R4L = 55h
= AAh
(after chip erase, return to caller)
(after chip erase, reset chip)
= others: error
Return Parameters:
R4L = 00 if pass, non–zero if fail
PROGRAM SPECIAL CELL
Input Parameters:
R0H = 94h
R6 = special cell address
0000h: program BPSW[7:0]
0001h: program BPSW[15:8]
0002h: program BPC[7:0]
0003h: program BPC[15:8]
0004h: program status byte
000Ah: program security bit #1
000Ch: program security bit #2
000Eh: program security bit #3
R4L = byte value to program
Return Parameters:
R4L = 00 if pass, non–zero if fail
NOTE: Only two bits of these Special Cells may be programmed at one time.
17
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
IAP CALL
PARAMETER
ERASE SPECIAL CELL
Input Parameters:
R0H = 95h
R6 = special cell address
0000h: erase BPSW[7:0]
0001h: erase BPSW[15:8]
0002h: erase BPC[7:0]
0003h: erase BPC[15:8]
0004h: erase status byte
Return Parameters:
R4L = 00 if pass, non–zero if fail
READ SPECIAL CELL
Input Parameters:
R0H = 96h
R6 = special cell address
0000h: read BPSW[7:0]
0001h: read BPSW[15:8]
0002h: read BPC[7:0]
0003h: read BPC[15:8]
0004h: read status byte
0006h: read manufacturer ID
0007h: read device ID #1
0008h: read device ID #2
000Ah: read security bit #1
000Ch: read security bit #2
000Eh: read security bit #3
Return Parameters:
R4L = value of byte read
Security
The security feature protects against software piracy and prevents the contents of the Flash from being read. The Security Lock bits are located
in Flash. The XA-G39 has 3 programmable security lock bits that will provide different levels of protection for the on-chip code and data (see
Table 3).
Table 3.
1
SECURITY LOCK BITS
PROTECTION DESCRIPTION
Level
SB1
0
SB2
0
SB3
0
1
2
No program security features enabled.
1
0
0
Same as level 1, plus block erase is disabled. Erase or programming of the status byte or
boot vector is disabled.
3
4
1
1
1
1
0
1
Same as level 2, plus program verification is disabled
Same as level 3, plus external execution is disabled.
NOTE:
1. Any other combination of the Lock bits is not defined.
2. Security bits are independent of each other. Full-chip erase may be performed regardless of the states of the security bits.
3. Setting LB doesn’t prevent programming of unprogrammed bits.
18
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
generation, Timer 2 capture. Note that this single rate setting applies
to all of the timers.
XA-G39 TIMER/COUNTERS
The XA has two standard 16-bit enhanced Timer/Counters: Timer 0
and Timer 1. Additionally, it has a third 16-bit Up/Down
timer/counter, T2. A central timing generator in the XA core provides
the time-base for all XA Timers and Counters. The timer/event
counters can perform the following functions:
When timers T0, T1, or T2 are used in the counter mode, the
register will increment whenever a falling edge (high to low
transition) is detected on the external input pin corresponding to the
timer clock. These inputs are sampled once every 2 oscillator
cycles, so it can take as many as 4 oscillator cycles to detect a
transition. Thus the maximum count rate that can be supported is
Osc/4. The duty cycle of the timer clock inputs is not important, but
any high or low state on the timer clock input pins must be present
for 2 oscillator cycles before it is guaranteed to be “seen” by the
timer logic.
– Measure time intervals and pulse duration
– Count external events
– Generate interrupt requests
– Generate PWM or timed output waveforms
All of the timer/counters (Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer 2) can be
independently programmed to operate either as timers or event
counters via the C/T bit in the TnCON register. All timers count up
unless otherwise stated. These timers may be dynamically read
during program execution.
Timer 0 and Timer 1
The “Timer” or “Counter” function is selected by control bits C/T in
the special function register TMOD. These two Timer/Counters have
four operating modes, which are selected by bit-pairs (M1, M0) in
the TMOD register. Timer modes 1, 2, and 3 in XA are kept identical
to the 80C51 timer modes for code compatibility. Only the mode 0 is
replaced in the XA by a more powerful 16-bit auto-reload mode. This
will give the XA timers a much larger range when used as time
bases.
The base clock rate of all of the timers is user programmable. This
applies to timers T0, T1, and T2 when running in timer mode (as
opposed to counter mode), and the watchdog timer. The clock
driving the timers is called TCLK and is determined by the setting of
two bits (PT1, PT0) in the System Configuration Register (SCR).
The frequency of TCLK may be selected to be the oscillator input
divided by 4 (Osc/4), the oscillator input divided by 16 (Osc/16), or
the oscillator input divided by 64 (Osc/64). This gives a range of
possibilities for the XA timer functions, including baud rate
The recommended M1, M0 settings for the different modes are
shown in Figure 6.
MSB
—
LSB
SCR
Address:440
Not Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
—
—
—
PT1
PT0
CM
PZ
PT1
PT0
OPERATING
Prescaler selection.
Osc/4
Osc/16
Osc/64
Reserved
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
CM
Compatibility Mode allows the XA to execute most translated 80C51 code on the XA. The
XA register file must copy the 80C51 mapping to data memory and mimic the 80C51 indirect
addressing scheme.
PZ
Page Zero mode forces all program and data addresses to 16-bits only. This saves stack space
and speeds up execution but limits memory access to 64k.
SU00589
Figure 5. System Configuration Register (SCR)
MSB
GATE C/T
LSB
M0
TMOD
Not Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
Address:45C
M1
M0 GATE
C/T
M1
TIMER 1
TIMER 0
GATE
C/T
Gating control when set. Timer/Counter “n” is enabled only while “INTn” pin is high and
“TRn” control bit is set. When cleared Timer “n” is enabled whenever “TRn” control bit is set.
Timer or Counter Selector cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock.)
Set for Counter operation (input from “Tn” input pin).
M1
0
0
M0
0
1
OPERATING
16-bit auto-reload timer/counter
16-bit non-auto-reload timer/counter
8-bit auto-reload timer/counter
1
0
1
1
Dual 8-bit timer mode (timer 0 only)
SU00605
Figure 6. Timer/Counter Mode Control (TMOD) Register
19
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
reloads TLn with the contents of RTLn, which is preset by software.
The reload leaves THn unchanged.
New Enhanced Mode 0
For timers T0 or T1 the 13-bit count mode on the 80C51 (current
Mode 0) has been replaced in the XA with a 16-bit auto-reload
mode. Four additional 8-bit data registers (two per timer: RTHn and
RTLn) are created to hold the auto-reload values. In this mode, the
TH overflow will set the TF flag in the TCON register and cause both
the TL and TH counters to be loaded from the RTL and RTH
registers respectively.
Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer/Counter 0.
The overflow rate for Timer 0 or Timer 1 in Mode 2 may be
calculated as follows:
Timer_Rate = Osc / (N * (256 – Timer_Reload_Value))
where N = the TCLK prescaler value: 4, 16, or 64.
These new SFRs will also be used to hold the TL reload data in the
8-bit auto-reload mode (Mode 2) instead of TH.
Mode 3
Timer 1 in Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as
setting TR1 = 0.
The overflow rate for Timer 0 or Timer 1 in Mode 0 may be
calculated as follows:
Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate
counters. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits C/T, GATE, TR0, and
TF0 as well as pin INT0. TH0 is locked into a timer function and
takes over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now
controls the “Timer 1” interrupt.
Timer_Rate = Osc / (N * (65536 – Timer_Reload_Value))
where N = the TCLK prescaler value: 4 (default), 16, or 64.
Mode 1
Mode 1 is the 16-bit non-auto reload mode.
Mode 3 is provided for applications requiring an extra 8-bit timer.
When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off by
switching it out of and into its own Mode 3, or can still be used by
the serial port as a baud rate generator, or in fact, in any application
not requiring an interrupt.
Mode 2
Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TLn) with
automatic reload. Overflow from TLn not only sets TFn, but also
MSB
TF1
LSB
TCON
Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
Address:410
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
BIT
SYMBOL FUNCTION
TCON.7
TF1
Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow.
This flag will not be set if T1OE (TSTAT.2) is set.
Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine, or by clearing the bit in software.
TCON.6
TCON.5
TR1
TF0
Timer 1 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 1 on/off.
Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow.
This flag will not be set if T0OE (TSTAT.0) is set.
Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine, or by clearing the bit in software.
TCON.4
TCON.3
TR0
IE1
Timer 0 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 0 on/off.
Interrupt 1 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected.
Cleared when interrupt processed.
TCON.2
TCON.1
TCON.0
IT1
IE0
IT0
Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered
external interrupts.
Interrupt 0 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected.
Cleared when interrupt processed.
Interrupt 0 Type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level
triggered external interrupts.
SU00604C
Figure 7. Timer/Counter Control (TCON) Register
20
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
MSB
TF2
LSB
T2CON
Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
Address:418
EXF2 RCLK0 TCLK0 EXEN2
TR2
C/T2 CP/RL2
BIT
SYMBOL FUNCTION
T2CON.7 TF2
Timer 2 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Must be cleared by software.
TF2 will not be set when RCLK0, RCLK1, TCLK0, TCLK1 or T2OE=1.
T2CON.6 EXF2
Timer 2 external flag is set when a capture or reload occurs due to a negative transition on T2EX (and
EXEN2 is set). This flag will cause a Timer 2 interrupt when this interrupt is enabled. EXF2 is cleared by
software.
T2CON.5 RCLK0
T2CON.4 TCLK0
Receive Clock Flag.
Transmit Clock Flag. RCLK0 and TCLK0 are used to select Timer 2 overflow rate as a clock source for
UART0 instead of Timer T1.
T2CON.3 EXEN2
T2CON.2 TR2
T2CON.1 C/T2
Timer 2 external enable bit allows a capture or reload to occur due to a negative transition on T2EX.
Start=1/Stop=0 control for Timer 2.
Timer or counter select.
0=Internal timer
1=External event counter (falling edge triggered)
T2CON.0 CP/RL2
Capture/Reload flag.
If CP/RL2 & EXEN2=1 captures will occur on negative transitions of T2EX.
If CP/RL2=0, EXEN2=1 auto reloads occur with either Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions at T2EX.
If RCLK or TCLK=1 the timer is set to auto reload on Timer 2 overflow, this bit has no effect.
SU01592
Figure 8. Timer/Counter 2 Control (T2CON) Register
Auto-Reload Mode (Up or Down Counter)
New Timer-Overflow Toggle Output
In the auto-reload mode, the timer registers are loaded with the
16-bit value in T2CAPH and T2CAPL when the count overflows.
T2CAPH and T2CAPL are initialized by software. If the EXEN2 bit in
T2CON is set, the timer registers will also be reloaded and the EXF2
flag set when a 1-to-0 transition occurs at input T2EX. The
auto-reload mode is shown in Figure 12.
In the XA, the timer module now has two outputs, which toggle on
overflow from the individual timers. The same device pins that are
used for the T0 and T1 count inputs are also used for the new
overflow outputs. An SFR bit (TnOE in the TSTAT register) is
associated with each counter and indicates whether Port-SFR data
or the overflow signal is output to the pin. These outputs could be
used in applications for generating variable duty cycle PWM outputs
(changing the auto-reload register values). Also variable frequency
(Osc/8 to Osc/8,388,608) outputs could be achieved by adjusting
the prescaler along with the auto-reload register values. With a
30.0MHz oscillator, this range would be 3.58Hz to 3.75MHz.
In this mode, Timer 2 can be configured to count up or down. This is
done by setting or clearing the bit DCEN (Down Counter Enable) in
the T2MOD special function register (see Table 4). The T2EX pin
then controls the count direction. When T2EX is high, the count is in
the up direction, when T2EX is low, the count is in the down
direction.
Timer T2
Timer 2 in the XA is a 16-bit Timer/Counter which can operate as
either a timer or as an event counter. This is selected by C/T2 in the
special function register T2CON. Upon timer T2 overflow/underflow,
the TF2 flag is set, which may be used to generate an interrupt. It
can be operated in one of three operating modes: auto-reload (up or
down counting), capture, or as the baud rate generator (for either or
both UARTs via SFRs T2MOD and T2CON). These modes are
shown in Table 4.
Figure 12 shows Timer 2, which will count up automatically, since
DCEN = 0. In this mode there are two options selected by bit
EXEN2 in the T2CON register. If EXEN2 = 0, then Timer 2 counts
up to FFFFH and sets the TF2 (Overflow Flag) bit upon overflow.
This causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit
value in T2CAPL and T2CAPH, whose values are preset by
software. If EXEN2 = 1, a 16-bit reload can be triggered either by an
overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at input T2EX. This transition also
sets the EXF2 bit. If enabled, either TF2 or EXF2 bit can generate
the Timer 2 interrupt.
Capture Mode
In the capture mode there are two options which are selected by bit
EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0, then timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or
counter, which upon overflowing sets bit TF2, the timer 2 overflow
bit. This will cause an interrupt when the timer 2 interrupt is enabled.
In Figure 13, the DCEN = 1; this enables the Timer 2 to count up or
down. In this mode, the logic level of T2EX pin controls the direction
of count. When a logic ‘1’ is applied at pin T2EX, the Timer 2 will
count up. The Timer 2 will overflow at FFFFH and set the TF2 flag,
which can then generate an interrupt if enabled. This timer overflow,
also causes the 16-bit value in T2CAPL and T2CAPH to be
reloaded into the timer registers TL2 and TH2, respectively.
If EXEN2 = 1, then Timer 2 still does the above, but with the added
feature that a 1-to-0 transition at external input T2EX causes the
current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and TH2, to be captured
into registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, respectively. In addition, the
transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set. This will
cause an interrupt in the same fashion as TF2 when the Timer 2
interrupt is enabled. The capture mode is illustrated in Figure 11.
A logic ‘0’ at pin T2EX causes Timer 2 to count down. When
counting down, the timer value is compared to the 16-bit value
contained in T2CAPH and T2CAPL. When the value is equal, the
21
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
timer register is loaded with FFFF hex. The underflow also sets the
TF2 flag, which can generate an interrupt if enabled.
Timer/Counter 2 or (2) to output a 50% duty cycle clock ranging from
3.58Hz to 3.75MHz at a 30MHz operating frequency.
The external flag EXF2 toggles when Timer 2 underflows or
overflows. This EXF2 bit can be used as a 17th bit of resolution, if
needed. the EXF2 flag does not generate an interrupt in this mode.
As the baud rate generator, timer T2 is incremented by TCLK.
To configure the Timer/Counter 2 as a clock generator, bit C/T2 (in
T2CON) must be cleared and bit T20E in T2MOD must be set. Bit
TR2 (T2CON.2) also must be set to start the timer.
The Clock-Out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and
the reload value of Timer 2 capture registers (TCAP2H, TCAP2L) as
shown in this equation:
Baud Rate Generator Mode
By setting the TCLKn and/or RCLKn in T2CON or T2MOD, the
Timer 2 can be chosen as the baud rate generator for either or both
UARTs. The baud rates for transmit and receive can be
simultaneously different.
TCLK
2 (65536 * TCAP2H, TCAP2L)
In the Clock-Out mode Timer 2 roll-overs will not generate an
interrupt. This is similar to when it is used as a baud-rate generator.
It is possible to use Timer 2 as a baud-rate generator and a clock
generator simultaneously. Note, however, that the baud-rate will be
1/8 of the Clock-Out frequency.
Programmable Clock-Out
A 50% duty cycle clock can be programmed to come out on P1.6.
This pin, besides being a regular I/O pin, has two alternate
functions. It can be programmed (1) to input the external clock for
Table 4. Timer 2 Operating Modes
TR2
0
CP/RL2
RCLK+TCLK
DCEN
MODE
Timer off (stopped)
X
0
0
1
X
X
0
0
0
1
X
0
1
16-bit auto-reload, counting up
16-bit auto-reload, counting up or down depending on T2EX pin
16-bit capture
1
1
1
X
X
1
Baud rate generator
TSTAT
Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
Address:411
MSB
—
LSB
—
—
—
—
T1OE
—
T0OE
BIT
SYMBOL FUNCTION
TSTAT.2
T1OE
When 0, this bit allows the T1 pin to clock Timer 1 when in the counter mode.
When 1, T1 acts as an output and toggles at every Timer 1 overflow.
TSTAT.0
T0OE
When 0, this bit allows the T0 pin to clock Timer 0 when in the counter mode.
When 1, T0 acts as an output and toggles at every Timer 0 overflow.
SU00612B
Figure 9. Timer 0 And 1 Extended Status (TSTAT)
MSB
LSB
T2MOD
Address:419
Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
—
—
RCLK1 TCLK1
—
—
T2OE
DCEN
BIT
SYMBOL FUNCTION
Receive Clock Flag.
T2MOD.5 RCLK1
T2MOD.4 TCLK1
T2MOD.1 T2OE
T2MOD.0 DCEN
Transmit Clock Flag. RCLK1 and TCLK1 are used to select Timer 2 overflow rate as a clock source
for UART1 instead of Timer T1.
When 0, this bit allows the T2 pin to clock Timer 2 when in the counter mode.
When 1, T2 acts as an output and toggles at every Timer 2 overflow.
Controls count direction for Timer 2 in autoreload mode.
DCEN=0 counter set to count up only
DCEN=1 counter set to count up or down, depending on T2EX (see text).
SU00610B
Figure 10. Timer 2 Mode Control (T2MOD)
22
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
TCLK
C/T2 = 0
TL2
(8-bits)
TH2
(8-bits)
TF2
C/T2 = 1
T2 Pin
Control
Transition
Detector
TR2
Capture
Timer 2
Interrupt
T2CAPL
T2CAPH
T2EX Pin
EXF2
Control
EXEN2
SU00704
Figure 11. Timer 2 in Capture Mode
TCLK
C/T2 = 0
C/T2 = 1
TL2
(8-bits)
TH2
(8-bits)
T2 Pin
Control
TR2
Reload
Transition
Detector
T2CAPL
T2CAPH
TF2
Timer 2
Interrupt
T2EX Pin
EXF2
Control
EXEN2
SU00705
Figure 12. Timer 2 in Auto-Reload Mode (DCEN = 0)
(DOWN COUNTING RELOAD VALUE)
FFH
FFH
TOGGLE
EXF2
TCLK
C/T2 = 0
OVERFLOW
TL2
TH2
TF2
INTERRUPT
C/T2 = 1
T2 PIN
CONTROL
TR2
COUNT
DIRECTION
1 = UP
0 = DOWN
T2CAPL
T2CAPH
(UP COUNTING RELOAD VALUE)
T2EX PIN
SU00706
Figure 13. Timer 2 Auto Reload Mode (DCEN = 1)
23
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
The software must be written so that a feed operation takes place
WATCHDOG TIMER
every t seconds from the last feed operation. Some tradeoffs may
D
The watchdog timer subsystem protects the system from incorrect
code execution by causing a system reset when the watchdog timer
underflows as a result of a failure of software to feed the timer prior
to the timer reaching its terminal count. It is important to note that
the watchdog timer is running after any type of reset and must be
turned off by user software if the application does not use the
watchdog function.
need to be made. It is not advisable to include feed operations in
minor loops or in subroutines unless the feed operation is a specific
subroutine.
To turn the watchdog timer completely off, the following code
sequence should be used:
mov.b wdcon,#0
mov.b wfeed1,#A5h ; do watchdog feed part 1
mov.b wfeed2,#5Ah ; do watchdog feed part 2
; set WD control register to clear WDRUN.
Watchdog Function
The watchdog consists of a programmable prescaler and the main
timer. The prescaler derives its clock from the TCLK source that also
drives timers 0, 1, and 2. The watchdog timer subsystem consists of
a programmable 13-bit prescaler, and an 8-bit main timer. The main
timer is clocked (decremented) by a tap taken from one of the top
8-bits of the prescaler as shown in Figure 14. The clock source for
the prescaler is the same as TCLK (same as the clock source for
the timers). Thus the main counter can be clocked as often as once
every 32 TCLKs (see Table 5). The watchdog generates an
underflow signal (and is autoloaded from WDL) when the watchdog
is at count 0 and the clock to decrement the watchdog occurs. The
watchdog is 8 bits wide and the autoload value can range from 0 to
FFH. (The autoload value of 0 is permissible since the prescaler is
cleared upon autoload).
This sequence assumes that the watchdog timer is being turned off
at the beginning of initialization code and that the XA interrupt
system has not yet been enabled. If the watchdog timer is to be
turned off at a point when interrupts may be enabled, instructions to
disable and re-enable interrupts should be added to this sequence.
Watchdog Control Register (WDCON)
The reset values of the WDCON and WDL registers will be such that
the watchdog timer has a timeout period of 4 × 4096 × t
watchdog is running. WDCON can be written by software but the
changes only take effect after executing a valid watchdog feed
sequence.
and the
OSC
This leads to the following user design equations. Definitions: t
is the oscillator period, N is the selected prescaler tap value, W is
the main counter autoload value, P is the prescaler value from
OSC
Table 5. Prescaler Select Values in WDCON
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
DIVISOR
32
Table 5, t
is the minimum watchdog time-out value (when the
MIN
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
autoload value is 0), t
is the maximum time-out value (when the
MAX
64
autoload value is FFH), t is the design time-out value.
D
128
t
t
t
= t
× 4 × 32 (W = 0, N = 4)
OSC
MIN
256
= t
× 64 × 4096 × 256 (W = 255, N = 64)
OSC
MAX
512
= t
× N × P × (W + 1)
D
OSC
1024
2048
4096
The watchdog timer is not directly loadable by the user. Instead, the
value to be loaded into the main timer is held in an autoload register.
In order to cause the main timer to be loaded with the appropriate
value, a special sequence of software action must take place. This
operation is referred to as feeding the watchdog timer.
Watchdog Detailed Operation
When external reset is applied, the following takes place:
To feed the watchdog, two instructions must be sequentially
executed successfully. No intervening SFR accesses are allowed,
so interrupts should be disabled before feeding the watchdog. The
instructions should move A5H to the WFEED1 register and then
5AH to the WFEED2 register. If WFEED1 is correctly loaded and
WFEED2 is not correctly loaded, then an immediate watchdog reset
will occur. The program sequence to feed the watchdog timer or
cause new WDCON settings to take effect is as follows:
• Watchdog run control bit set to ON (1).
• Autoload register WDL set to 00 (min. count).
• Watchdog time-out flag cleared.
• Prescaler is cleared.
• Prescaler tap set to the highest divide.
• Autoload takes place.
clr
ea
; disable global interrupts.
mov.b wfeed1,#A5h ; do watchdog feed part 1
mov.b wfeed2,#5Ah ; do watchdog feed part 2
When coming out of a hardware reset, the software should load the
autoload register and then feed the watchdog (cause an autoload).
setb
ea
; re-enable global interrupts.
This sequence assumes that the XA interrupt system is enabled and
there is a possibility of an interrupt request occurring during the feed
sequence. If an interrupt was allowed to be serviced and the service
routine contained any SFR access, it would trigger a watchdog
reset. If it is known that no interrupt could occur during the feed
sequence, the instructions to disable and re-enable interrupts may
be removed.
If the watchdog is running and happens to underflow at the time the
external reset is applied, the watchdog time-out flag will be cleared.
24
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
WDL
WATCHDOG FEED SEQUENCE
MOV WFEED1,#A5H
MOV WFEED2,#5AH
8–BIT DOWN
COUNTER
TCLK
PRESCALER
INTERNAL RESET
WDCON
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
—
—
WDRUN
WDTOF
—
SU00581A
Figure 14. Watchdog Timer in XA-G39
When the watchdog underflows, the following action takes place
(see Figure 14):
Each UART baud rate is determined by either a fixed division of the
oscillator (in UART modes 0 and 2) or by the timer 1 or timer 2
overflow rate (in UART modes 1 and 3).
• Autoload takes place.
Timer 1 defaults to clock both UART0 and UART1. Timer 2 can be
programmed to clock either UART0 through T2CON (via bits R0CLK
and T0CLK) or UART1 through T2MOD (via bits R1CLK and
T1CLK). In this case, the UART not clocked by T2 could use T1 as
the clock source.
• Watchdog time-out flag is set
• Watchdog run bit unchanged.
• Autoload (WDL) register unchanged.
• Prescaler tap unchanged.
• All other device action same as external reset.
The serial port receive and transmit registers are both accessed at
Special Function Register SnBUF. Writing to SnBUF loads the
transmit register, and reading SnBUF accesses a physically
separate receive register.
Note that if the watchdog underflows, the program counter will be
loaded from the reset vector as in the case of an internal reset. The
watchdog time-out flag can be examined to determine if the
watchdog has caused the reset condition. The watchdog time-out
flag bit can be cleared by software.
The serial port can operate in 4 modes:
Mode 0: Serial I/O expansion mode. Serial data enters and exits
through RxDn. TxDn outputs the shift clock. 8 bits are
transmitted/received (LSB first). (The baud rate is fixed at 1/16 the
oscillator frequency.)
WDCON Register Bit Definitions
WDCON.7 PRE2
WDCON.6 PRE1
WDCON.5 PRE0
Prescaler Select 2, reset to 1
Prescaler Select 1, reset to 1
Prescaler Select 0, reset to 1
Mode 1: Standard 8-bit UART mode. 10 bits are transmitted
(through TxDn) or received (through RxDn): a start bit (0), 8 data
bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into
RB8 in Special Function Register SnCON. The baud rate is variable.
WDCON.4
WDCON.3
—
—
WDCON.2 WDRUN Watchdog Run Control bit, reset to 1
WDCON.1 WDTOF Timeout flag
Mode 2: Fixed rate 9-bit UART mode. 11 bits are transmitted
(through TxD) or received (through RxD): start bit (0), 8 data bits
(LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). On
Transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8_n in SnCON) can be assigned the
value of 0 or 1. Or, for example, the parity bit (P, in the PSW) could
be moved into TB8_n. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8_n
in Special Function Register SnCON, while the stop bit is ignored.
The baud rate is programmable to 1/32 of the oscillator frequency.
WDCON.0
—
UARTs
The XA-G39 includes 2 UART ports that are compatible with the
enhanced UART used on the 8xC51Fx, 8xC51Rx+, 8xC51Rx2, and
8xC51Mx2. Baud rate selection is somewhat different due to the
clocking scheme used for the XA timers.
Mode 3: Standard 9-bit UART mode. 11 bits are transmitted
(through TxDn) or received (through RxDn): a start bit (0), 8 data
bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1).
In fact, Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 in all respects except baud
rate. The baud rate in Mode 3 is variable.
Some other enhancements have been made to UART operation.
The first is that there are separate interrupt vectors for each UART’s
transmit and receive functions. The UART transmitter has been
double buffered, allowing packed transmission of data with no gaps
between bytes and less critical interrupt service routine timing. A
break detect function has been added to the UART. This operates
independently of the UART itself and provides a start-of-break status
bit that the program may test. Finally, an Overrun Error flag has
been added to detect missed characters in the received data
stream. The double buffered UART transmitter may require some
software changes in code written for the original XA-G39 single
buffered UART.
In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that
uses SnBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in
Mode 0 by the condition RI_n = 0 and REN_n = 1. Reception is
initiated in the other modes by the incoming start bit if REN_n = 1.
25
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
Serial Port Control Register
message has been transmitted completely. The interrupt service
The serial port control and status register is the Special Function
Register SnCON, shown in Figure 16. This register contains not only
the mode selection bits, but also the 9th data bit for transmit and
receive (TB8_n and RB8_n), and the serial port interrupt bits (TI_n
and RI_n).
routine should handle this additional interrupt.
The recommended method of using the double buffering in the
application program is to have the interrupt service routine handle a
single byte for each interrupt occurrence. In this manner the
program essentially does not require any special considerations for
double buffering. Unless higher priority interrupts cause delays in
the servicing of the UART transmitter interrupt, the double buffering
will result in transmitted bytes being tightly packed with no
intervening gaps.
TI Flag
In order to allow easy use of the double buffered UART transmitter
feature, the TI_n flag is set by the UART hardware under two
conditions. The first condition is the completion of any byte
transmission. This occurs at the end of the stop bit in modes 1, 2, or
3, or at the end of the eighth data bit in mode 0. The second
condition is when SnBUF is written while the UART transmitter is
idle. In this case, the TI_n flag is set in order to indicate that the
second UART transmitter buffer is still available.
9-bit Mode
Please note that the ninth data bit (TB8) is not double buffered. Care
must be taken to insure that the TB8 bit contains the intended data
at the point where it is transmitted. Double buffering of the UART
transmitter may be bypassed as a simple means of synchronizing
TB8 to the rest of the data stream.
Typically, UART transmitters generate one interrupt per byte
transmitted. In the case of the XA UART, one additional interrupt is
generated as defined by the stated conditions for setting the TI_n
flag. This additional interrupt does not occur if double buffering is
bypassed as explained below. Note that if a character oriented
approach is used to transmit data through the UART, there could be
a second interrupt for each character transmitted, depending on the
timing of the writes to SBUF. For this reason, it is generally better to
bypass double buffering when the UART transmitter is used in
character oriented mode. This is also true if the UART is polled
rather than interrupt driven, and when transmission is character
oriented rather than message or string oriented. The interrupt occurs
at the end of the last byte transmitted when the UART becomes idle.
Among other things, this allows a program to determine when a
Bypassing Double Buffering
The UART transmitter may be used as if it is single buffered. The
recommended UART transmitter interrupt service routine (ISR)
technique to bypass double buffering first clears the TI_n flag upon
entry into the ISR, as in standard practice. This clears the interrupt
that activated the ISR. Secondly, the TI_n flag is cleared
immediately following each write to SnBUF. This clears the interrupt
flag that would otherwise direct the program to write to the second
transmitter buffer. If there is any possibility that a higher priority
interrupt might become active between the write to SnBUF and the
clearing of the TI_n flag, the interrupt system may have to be
temporarily disabled during that sequence by clearing, then setting
the EA bit in the IEL register.
26
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
CLOCKING SCHEME/BAUD RATE GENERATION
The XA UARTS clock rates are determined by either a fixed division
(modes 0 and 2) of the oscillator clock or by the Timer 1 or Timer 2
overflow rate (modes 1 and 3).
Using Timer 2 to Generate Baud Rates
Timer T2 is a 16-bit up/down counter in XA. As a baud rate
generator, timer 2 is selected as a clock source for either/both
UART0 and UART1 transmitters and/or receivers by setting TCLKn
and/or RCLKn in T2CON and T2MOD. As the baud rate generator,
T2 is incremented as Osc/N where N = 4, 16 or 64 depending on
TCLK as programmed in the SCR bits PT1, and PTO. So, if T2 is
the source of one UART, the other UART could be clocked by either
T1 overflow or fixed clock, and the UARTs could run independently
with different baud rates.
The clock for the UARTs in XA runs at 16x the Baud rate. If the
timers are used as the source for Baud Clock, since maximum
speed of timers/Baud Clock is Osc/4, the maximum baud rate is
timer overflow divided by 16 i.e. Osc/64.
In Mode 0, it is fixed at Osc/16. In Mode 2, however, the fixed rate is
Osc/32.
bit5
bit4
T2CON
0x418
00
01
10
11
Osc/4
RCLK0
TCLK0
Osc/16
Osc/64
reserved
Pre-scaler
for all Timers T0,1,2
bits in SCR
bit5
bit4
T2MOD
0x419
RCLK1
TCLK1
Baud Rate for UART Mode 0:
Baud_Rate = Osc/16
Prescaler Select for Timer Clock (TCLK)
Baud Rate calculation for UART Mode 1 and 3:
bit3
bit2
SCR
0x440
Baud_Rate = Timer_Rate/16
PT1
PT0
Timer_Rate = Osc/(N*(Timer_Range– Timer_Reload_Value))
where N = the TCLK prescaler value: 4, 16, or 64.
and Timer_Range = 256 for timer 1 in mode 2.
65536 for timer 1 in mode 0 and timer 2
in count up mode.
The timer reload value may be calculated as follows:
Timer_Reload_Value = Timer_Range–(Osc/(Baud_Rate*N*16))
NOTES:
1. The maximum baud rate for a UART in mode 1 or 3 is Osc/64.
2. The lowest possible baud rate (for a given oscillator frequency
and N value) may be found by using a timer reload value of 0.
3. The timer reload value may never be larger than the timer range.
4. If a timer reload value calculation gives a negative or fractional
result, the baud rate requested is not possible at the given
oscillator frequency and N value.
Baud Rate for UART Mode 2:
Baud_Rate = Osc/32
SnSTAT Address: S0STAT 421
S1STAT 425
MSB
LSB
Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
—
—
—
—
FEn
BRn
OEn
STINTn
BIT
SYMBOL FUNCTION
SnSTAT.3 FEn
Framing Error flag is set when the receiver fails to see a valid STOP bit at the end of the frame.
Cleared by software.
SnSTAT.2 BRn
Break Detect flag is set if a character is received with all bits (including STOP bit) being logic ‘0’. Thus
it gives a “Start of Break Detect” on bit 8 for Mode 1 and bit 9 for Modes 2 and 3. The break detect
feature operates independently of the UARTs and provides the START of Break Detect status bit that
a user program may poll. Cleared by software.
SnSTAT.1 OEn
Overrun Error flag is set if a new character is received in the receiver buffer while it is still full (before
the software has read the previous character from the buffer), i.e., when bit 8 of a new byte is
received while RI in SnCON is still set. Cleared by software.
SnSTAT.0 STINTn
This flag must be set to enable any of the above status flags to generate a receive interrupt (RIn). The
only way it can be cleared is by a software write to this register.
SU00607B
Figure 15. Serial Port Extended Status (SnSTAT) Register
(See also Figure 17 regarding Framing Error flag)
27
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
Given slave address or addresses. All of the slaves may be
UART INTERRUPT SCHEME
There are separate interrupt vectors for each UART’s transmit and
receive functions.
contacted by using the Broadcast address. Two special Function
Registers are used to define the slave’s address, SADDR, and the
address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define which bits in the
SADDR are to be used and which bits are “don’t care”. The SADEN
mask can be logically ANDed with the SADDR to create the “Given”
address which the master will use for addressing each of the slaves.
Use of the Given address allows multiple slaves to be recognized
while excluding others. The following examples will help to show the
versatility of this scheme:
Table 6. Vector Locations for UARTs in XA
Vector Address
A0H – A3H
A4H – A7H
A8H – ABH
ACH – AFH
NOTE:
Interrupt Source
UART 0 Receiver
UART 0 Transmitter
UART 1 Receiver
Arbitration
7
8
9
Slave 0
SADDR
SADEN
Given
=
=
=
1100 0000
1111 1101
1100 00X0
UART 1 Transmitter 10
The transmit and receive vectors could contain the same ISR
address to work like a 8051 interrupt scheme
Slave 1
SADDR
SADEN
Given
=
=
=
1100 0000
1111 1110
1100 000X
Error Handling, Status Flags and Break Detect
The UARTs in XA has the following error flags; see Figure 15.
In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is
used to differentiate between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires a 0 in
bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1 and bit 0 is
ignored. A unique address for Slave 0 would be 1100 0010 since
slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be
1100 0001 since a 1 in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be
selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for
slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both could be addressed
with 1100 0000.
Multiprocessor Communications
Modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor
communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received. The 9th
one goes into RB8. Then comes a stop bit. The port can be
programmed such that when the stop bit is received, the serial port
interrupt will be activated only if RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by
setting bit SM2 in SCON. A way to use this feature in multiprocessor
systems is as follows:
In a more complex system the following could be used to select
slaves 1 and 2 while excluding slave 0:
When the master processor wants to transmit a block of data to one
of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte which identifies
the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in that the
9th bit is 1 in an address byte and 0 in a data byte. With SM2 = 1, no
slave will be interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however,
will interrupt all slaves, so that each slave can examine the received
byte and see if it is being addressed. The addressed slave will clear
its SM2 bit and prepare to receive the data bytes that will be coming.
The slaves that weren’t being addressed leave their SM2s set and
go on about their business, ignoring the coming data bytes.
Slave 0
Slave 1
Slave 2
SADDR
SADEN
Given
=
=
=
1100 0000
1111 1001
1100 0XX0
SADDR
SADEN
Given
=
=
=
1110 0000
1111 1010
1110 0X0X
SADDR
SADEN
Given
=
=
=
1110 0000
1111 1100
1110 00XX
SM2 has no effect in Mode 0, and in Mode 1 can be used to check
the validity of the stop bit although this is better done with the
Framing Error (FE) flag. In a Mode 1 reception, if SM2 = 1, the
receive interrupt will not be activated unless a valid stop bit is
received.
In the above example the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the
lower 3 address bits. Slave 0 requires that bit 0 = 0 and it can be
uniquely addressed by 1110 0110. Slave 1 requires that bit 1 = 0 and
it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 and 0101. Slave 2 requires
that bit 2 = 0 and its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0
and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address 1110 0100, since it is
necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2.
Automatic Address Recognition
Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART
to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit stream by using
hardware to make the comparisons. This feature saves a great deal
of software overhead by eliminating the need for the software to
examine every serial address which passes by the serial port. This
feature is enabled by setting the SM2 bit in SCON. In the 9 bit UART
modes, mode 2 and mode 3, the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will be
automatically set when the received byte contains either the “Given”
address or the “Broadcast” address. The 9 bit mode requires that
the 9th information bit is a 1 to indicate that the received information
is an address and not data. Automatic address recognition is shown
in Figure 18.
The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking the
logical OR of SADDR and SADEN. Zeros in this result are teated as
don’t-cares. In most cases, interpreting the don’t-cares as ones, the
broadcast address will be FF hexadecimal.
Upon reset SADDR and SADEN are loaded with 0s. This produces
a given address of all “don’t cares” as well as a Broadcast address
of all “don’t cares”. This effectively disables the Automatic
Addressing mode and allows the microcontroller to use standard
UART drivers which do not make use of this feature.
Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to
selectively communicate with one or more slaves by invoking the
28
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
SnCON
Address: S0CON 420
S1CON 424
MSB
SM0
LSB
RI
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
Bit Addressable
Reset Value: 00H
Where SM0, SM1 specify the serial port mode, as follows:
SM0
SM1
Mode Description
Baud Rate
/16
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
shift register
8-bit UART
9-bit UART
9-bit UART
f
OSC
variable
/32
f
OSC
variable
BIT
SYMBOL FUNCTION
SnCON.5 SM2
Enables the multiprocessor communication feature in Modes 2 and 3. In Mode 2 or 3, if SM2 is set to 1, then RI
will not be activated if the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 0. In Mode 1, if SM2=1 then RI will not be activated if a
valid stop bit was not received. In Mode 0, SM2 should be 0.
SnCON.4 REN
SnCON.3 TB8
Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable reception.
The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired. The TB8 bit is not
double buffered. See text for details.
SnCON.2 RB8
SnCON.1 TI
SnCON.0 RI
In Modes 2 and 3, is the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, if SM2=0, RB8 is the stop bit that was
received. In Mode 0, RB8 is not used.
Transmit interrupt flag. Set when another byte may be written to the UART transmitter. See text for details.
Must be cleared by software.
Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the end of the stop bit time
in the other modes (except see SM2). Must be cleared by software.
SU00597C
Figure 16. Serial Port Control (SnCON) Register
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
START
BIT
DATA BYTE
ONLY IN
MODE 2, 3
STOP
BIT
if 0, sets FE
SnSTAT
—
—
—
—
FEn
BRn
OEn
STINTn
SU00598
Figure 17. UART Framing Error Detection
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
SnCON
SM0_n
SM1_n
SM2_n
1
REN_n
1
TB8_n
X
RB8_n
TI_n
RI_n
1
1
1
0
RECEIVED ADDRESS D0 TO D7
PROGRAMMED ADDRESS
COMPARATOR
IN UART MODE 2 OR MODE 3 AND SM2 = 1:
INTERRUPT IF REN=1, RB8=1 AND “RECEIVED ADDRESS” = “PROGRAMMED ADDRESS”
– WHEN OWN ADDRESS RECEIVED, CLEAR SM2 TO RECEIVE DATA BYTES
– WHEN ALL DATA BYTES HAVE BEEN RECEIVED: SET SM2 TO WAIT FOR NEXT ADDRESS.
SU00613
Figure 18. UART Multiprocessor Communication, Automatic Address Recognition
29
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
the address contained in the memory location 0000h. The
I/O PORT OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
destination of the reset jump must be located in the first 64 K of
code address on power-up, all vectors are 16-bit values and so point
to page zero addresses only. After a reset the RAM contents are
indeterminate.
Each I/O port pin can be user configured to one of 4 output types.
The types are Quasi-bidirectional (essentially the same as standard
80C51 family I/O ports), Open-Drain, Push-Pull, and Off (high
impedance). The default configuration after reset is
Quasi-bidirectional. However, in the ROMless mode (the EA pin is
low at reset), the port pins that comprise the external data bus will
default to push-pull outputs.
Alternatively, the Boot Vector may supply the reset address. This
happens when use of the Boot Vector is forced or when the Flash
status byte is non-zero. These cases are described in the section
“Hardware Activation of the Boot Vector” on page 11.
I/O port output configurations are determined by the settings in port
configuration SFRs. There are 2 SFRs for each port, called
PnCFGA and PnCFGB, where “n” is the port number. One bit in
each of the 2 SFRs relates to the output setting for the
corresponding port pin, allowing any combination of the 2 output
types to be mixed on those port pins. For instance, the output type
of port 1 pin 3 is controlled by the setting of bit 3 in the SFRs
P1CFGA and P1CFGB.
V
DD
R
XA
RST
C
Table 7 shows the configuration register settings for the 4 port
output types. The electrical characteristics of each output type may
be found in the DC Characteristic table.
SOME TYPICAL VALUES FOR R AND C:
R = 100K, C = 1.0 µF
R = 1.0M, C = 0.1 µF
(ASSUMING THAT THE V RISE TIME IS 1ms OR LESS)
DD
Table 7. Port Configuration Register Settings
SU00702
Figure 19. Recommended Reset Circuit
PnCFGB
PnCFGA
Port Output Mode
Open Drain
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
RESET OPTIONS
Quasi-bidirectional
Off (high impedance)
Push-Pull
The EA pin is sampled on the rising edge of the RST pulse, and
determines whether the device is to begin execution from internal or
external code memory. EA pulled high configures the XA in
single-chip mode. If EA is driven low, the device enters ROMless
mode. After Reset is released, the EA/WAIT pin becomes a bus wait
signal for external bus transactions.
NOTE:
Mode changes may cause glitches to occur during transitions. When
modifying both registers, WRITE instructions should be carried out
consecutively.
The BUSW/P3.5 pin is weakly pulled high while reset is asserted,
allowing simple biasing of the pin with a resistor to ground to select
the alternate bus width. If the BUSW pin is not driven at reset, the
weak pullup will cause a 1 to be loaded for the bus width, giving a
16-bit external bus. BUSW may be pulled low with a 2.7 K or smaller
value resistor, giving an 8-bit external bus. The bus width setting
from the BUSW pin may be overridden by software once the user
program is running.
EXTERNAL BUS
The external program/data bus allows for 8-bit or 16-bit bus width,
and address sizes from 12 to 20 bits. The bus width is selected by
an input at reset (see Reset Options below), while the address size
is set by the program in a configuration register. If all off-chip code is
selected (through the use of the EA pin), the initial code fetches will
be done with the maximum address size (20 bits).
Both EA and BUSW must be held for three oscillator clock times
after reset is deasserted to guarantee that their values are latched
correctly.
RESET
The device is reset whenever a logic “0“ is applied to RST for at
least 10 microseconds, placing a low level on the pin re-initializes
the on-chip logic. Reset must be asserted when power is initially
applied to the XA and held until the oscillator is running.
POWER REDUCTION MODES
The XA-G39 supports Idle and Power Down modes of power
reduction. The idle mode leaves some peripherals running to allow
them to wake up the processor when an interrupt is generated. The
power down mode stops the oscillator in order to minimize power.
The processor can be made to exit power down mode via reset or
one of the external interrupt inputs. In order to use an external
interrupt to re-activate the XA while in power down mode, the
external interrupt must be enabled and be configured to level
sensitive mode. In power down mode, the power supply voltage may
be reduced to the RAM keep-alive voltage (2 V), retaining the RAM,
register, and SFR values at the point where the power down mode
was entered.
The duration of reset must be extended when power is initially
applied or when using reset to exit power down mode. This is due to
the need to allow the oscillator time to start up and stabilize. For
most power supply ramp up conditions, this time is 10 milliseconds.
To provide a reliable reset during momentary power supply
interruption or whenever the power supply voltage drops below the
specified operating voltage, it is recommended that a CMOS system
reset circuit SA56614-XX or similar device be used, see application
note AN468.
As RST is brought high again, an exception is generated which
causes the processor to jump to the reset address. Typically, this is
30
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
The XA-G39 supports a total of 9 maskable event interrupt sources
(for the various XA peripherals), seven software interrupts, 5
exception interrupts (plus reset), and 16 traps. The maskable event
interrupts share a global interrupt disable bit (the EA bit in the IEL
register) and each also has a separate individual interrupt enable bit
(in the IEL or IEH registers). Only three bits of the IPA register
values are used on the XA-G39. Each event interrupt can be set to
occur at one of 8 priority levels via bits in the Interrupt Priority (IP)
registers, IPA0 through IPA5. The value 0 in the IPA field gives the
interrupt priority 0, in effect disabling the interrupt. A value of 1 gives
the interrupt a priority of 9, the value 2 gives priority 10, etc. The
result is the same as if all four bits were used and the top bit set for
all values except 0. Details of the priority scheme may be found in
the XA User Guide.
INTERRUPTS
The XA-G39 supports 38 vectored interrupt sources. These include
9 maskable event interrupts, 7 exception interrupts, 16 trap
interrupts, and 7 software interrupts. The maskable interrupts each
have 8 priority levels and may be globally and/or individually enabled
or disabled.
The XA defines four types of interrupts:
• Exception Interrupts – These are system level errors and other
very important occurrences which include stack overflow,
divide-by-0, and reset.
• Event interrupts – These are peripheral interrupts from devices
such as UARTs, timers, and external interrupt inputs.
• Software Interrupts – These are equivalent of hardware
The complete interrupt vector list for the XA-G39, including all 4
interrupt types, is shown in the following tables. The tables include
the address of the vector for each interrupt, the related priority
register bits (if any), and the arbitration ranking for that interrupt
source. The arbitration ranking determines the order in which
interrupts are processed if more than one interrupt of the same
priority occurs simultaneously.
interrupt, but are requested only under software control.
• Trap Interrupts – These are TRAP instructions, generally used to
call system services in a multi-tasking system.
Exception interrupts, software interrupts, and trap interrupts are
generally standard for XA derivatives and are detailed in the XA
User Guide. Event interrupts tend to be different on different XA
derivatives.
Table 8. Interrupt Vectors
EXCEPTION/TRAPS PRECEDENCE
DESCRIPTION
Reset (h/w, watchdog, s/w)
Breakpoint (h/w trap 1)
Trace (h/w trap 2)
VECTOR ADDRESS
0000–0003
ARBITRATION RANKING
0 (High)
0004–0007
0008–000B
000C–000F
0010–0013
0014–0017
0040–007F
1
1
1
1
1
1
Stack Overflow (h/w trap 3)
Divide by 0 (h/w trap 4)
User RETI (h/w trap 5)
TRAP 0– 15 (software)
EVENT INTERRUPTS
VECTOR
ADDRESS
ARBITRATION
RANKING
DESCRIPTION
FLAG BIT
ENABLE BIT
INTERRUPT PRIORITY
External interrupt 0
Timer 0 interrupt
External interrupt 1
Timer 1 interrupt
Timer 2 interrupt
Serial port 0 Rx
Serial port 0 Tx
Serial port 1 Rx
Serial port 1 Tx
IE0
TF0
0080–0083
0084–0087
0088–008B
008C–008F
0090–0093
00A0–00A3
00A4–00A7
00A8–00AB
00AC–00AF
EX0
ET0
EX1
ET1
ET2
ERI0
ETI0
ERI1
ETI1
IPA0.2–0 (PX0)
IPA0.6–4 (PT0)
IPA1.2–0 (PX1)
IPA1.6–4 (PT1)
IPA2.2–0 (PT2)
IPA4.2–0 (PRIO)
IPA4.6–4 (PTIO)
IPA5.2–0 (PRT1)
IPA5.6–4 (PTI1)
2
3
IE1
4
TF1
5
TF2(EXF2)
RI.0
6
7
TI.0
8
RI.1
9
TI.1
10
SOFTWARE INTERRUPTS
VECTOR
ADDRESS
DESCRIPTION
FLAG BIT
ENABLE BIT
INTERRUPT PRIORITY
Software interrupt 1
Software interrupt 2
Software interrupt 3
Software interrupt 4
Software interrupt 5
Software interrupt 6
Software interrupt 7
SWR1
SWR2
SWR3
SWR4
SWR5
SWR6
SWR7
0100–0103
0104–0107
0108–010B
010C–010F
0110–0113
0114–0117
0118–011B
SWE1
SWE2
SWE3
SWE4
SWE5
SWE6
SWE7
(fixed at 1)
(fixed at 2)
(fixed at 3)
(fixed at 4)
(fixed at 5)
(fixed at 6)
(fixed at 7)
31
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PARAMETER
RATING
–55 to +125
–65 to +150
0 to +13.0
UNIT
°C
°C
V
Operating temperature under bias
Storage temperature range
Voltage on EA/V pin to V
PP
SS
Voltage on any other pin to V
–0.5 to V +0.5 V
V
SS
DD
Maximum I per I/O pin
15
mA
W
OL
Power dissipation (based on package heat transfer limitations, not device power consumption)
1.5
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
V
V
= 4.5 V to 5.5 V; T
= 4.75 V to 5.25 V; T
= 0 to +70 °C, unless otherwise specified.
DD
amb
= –40 to +85 °C, unless otherwise specified.
DD
amb
LIMITS
TYP
SYMBOL
Supplies
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
UNIT
MIN
MAX
I
I
I
I
Supply current operating
5.25 V, 30 MHz
5.25 V, 30 MHz
110
40
mA
mA
mA
mA
V
DD
ID
Idle mode supply current
Power-down current
30
PD
PDI
Power-down current (–40 °C to +85 °C)
RAM-keep-alive voltage
150
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
RAM-keep-alive voltage
1.5
RAM
Input low voltage
–0.5
2.2
0.22 V
V
IL
DD
DD
Input high voltage, except XTAL1, RST
Input high voltage to XTAL1, RST
Input low voltage to XATL1, RST
Output low voltage all ports, ALE, PSEN
At 5.0 V
At 5.0 V
At 5.0 V
V
IH
0.8V
V
IH1
IL1
DD
0.12 V
0.5
3
I
= 3.2mA, V = 5.0 V
V
V
OL
OL
DD
1
Output high voltage all ports, ALE, PSEN
I
= –100mA, V = V
2.4
2.4
OH1
OH2
OH
DD
DDmin
DDmin
2
Output high voltage, ports P0–3, ALE, PSEN
Input/Output pin capacitance
I
= 3.2mA, V = V
V
OH
DD
C
15
pF
mA
mA
mA
IO
6
I
I
I
Logical 0 input current, P0–3
V
IN
= 0.45 V
–25
–75
±10
IL
5
Input leakage current, P0–3
V
IN
= V or V
LI
IL
IH
4
Logical 1 to 0 transition current all ports
At 5.25 V
–650
TL
NOTES:
1. Ports in Quasi bi-directional mode with weak pull-up (applies to ALE, PSEN only during RESET).
2. Ports in Push-Pull mode, both pull-up and pull-down assumed to be same strength
3. In all output modes
4. Port pins source a transition current when used in quasi-bidirectional mode and externally driven from 1 to 0. This current is highest when
is approximately 2 V.
V
IN
5. Measured with port in high impedance output mode.
6. Measured with port in quasi-bidirectional output mode.
7. Load capacitance for all outputs=80pF.
8. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, I must be externally limited as follows:
OL
Maximum I per port pin:
15mA (*NOTE: This is 85 °C specification for V = 5 V.)
OL
DD
Maximum I per 8-bit port:
26mA
OL
Maximum total I for all output: 71mA
OL
If I exceeds the test condition, V may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed
OL
OL
test conditions.
32
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (5 V)
V
DD
= 4.5 V to 5.5 V; T = 0 to +70 °C for commercial; V = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, –40 °C to +85 °C for industrial.
amb DD
VARIABLE CLOCK
SYMBOL
FIGURE
PARAMETER
UNIT
MIN
MAX
External Clock
f
t
t
t
t
t
Oscillator frequency
0
30
MHz
ns
C
26
26
26
26
26
Clock period and CPU timing cycle
Clock high time
1/f
C
C
7
7
t
t
* 0.5
* 0.4
ns
CHCX
CLCX
CLCH
CHCL
C
Clock low time
ns
C
Clock rise time
5
5
ns
Clock fall time
ns
Address Cycle
t
t
t
t
25
20
20
20
Delay from clock rising edge to ALE rising edge
ALE pulse width (programmable)
5
46
ns
ns
ns
ns
CRAR
LHLL
AVLL
LLAX
(V1 * t ) – 6
C
Address valid to ALE de-asserted (set-up)
Address hold after ALE de-asserted
(V1 * t ) – 14
C
(t /2) – 10
C
Code Read Cycle
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
20
20
20
21
20
20
20
20
PSEN pulse width
(V2 * t ) – 10
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
PLPH
LLPL
AVIVA
AVIVB
PLIV
C
ALE de-asserted to PSEN asserted
(t /2) – 7
C
Address valid to instruction valid, ALE cycle (access time)
Address valid to instruction valid, non-ALE cycle (access time)
PSEN asserted to instruction valid (enable time)
Instruction hold after PSEN de-asserted
(V3 * t ) – 36
C
(V4 * t ) – 29
C
(V2 * t ) – 29
C
0
0
PXIX
PXIZ
Bus 3-State after PSEN de-asserted (disable time)
Hold time of unlatched part of address after instruction latched
t – 8
C
IXUA
Data Read Cycle
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
22
22
22
23
22
22
22
22
RD pulse width
(V7 * t ) – 10
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
RLRH
LLRL
C
ALE de-asserted to RD asserted
(t /2) – 7
C
Address valid to data input valid, ALE cycle (access time)
Address valid to data input valid, non-ALE cycle (access time)
RD low to valid data in, enable time
(V6 * t ) – 36
C
AVDVA
AVDVB
RLDV
RHDX
RHDZ
DXUA
(V5 * t ) – 29
C
(V7 * t ) – 29
C
Data hold time after RD de-asserted
0
0
Bus 3-State after RD de-asserted (disable time)
Hold time of unlatched part of address after data latched
t – 8
C
Data Write Cycle
t
t
t
t
t
t
24
24
24
24
24
24
WR pulse width
(V8 * t ) – 10
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
WLWH
LLWL
C
ALE falling edge to WR asserted
(V12 * t ) – 10
C
Data valid before WR asserted (data setup time)
Data hold time after WR de-asserted (Note 6)
Address valid to WR asserted (address setup time) (Note 5)
Hold time of unlatched part of address after WR is de-asserted
(V13 * t ) – 22
C
QVWX
WHQX
AVWL
UAWH
(V11 * t ) – 7
C
(V9 * t ) – 22
C
(V11 * t ) – 7
C
Wait Input
t
t
25
25
WAIT stable after bus strobe (RD, WR, or PSEN) asserted
WAIT hold after bus strobe (RD, WR, or PSEN) assertion
(V10 * t ) – 30
ns
ns
WTH
WTL
C
(V10 * t ) – 5
C
NOTES:
1. Load capacitance for all outputs = 80pF.
2. Variables V1 through V13 reflect programmable bus timing, which is programmed via the Bus Timing registers (BTRH and BTRL).
Refer to the XA User Guide for details of the bus timing settings.
V1) This variable represents the programmed width of the ALE pulse as determined by the ALEW bit in the BTRL register.
V1 = 0.5 if the ALEW bit = 0, and 1.5 if the ALEW bit = 1.
33
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
V2) This variable represents the programmed width of the PSEN pulse as determined by the CR1 and CR0 bits or the CRA1, CRA0, and
ALEW bits in the BTRL register.
–
For a bus cycle with no ALE, V2 = 1 if CR1/0 = 00, 2 if CR1/0 = 01, 3 if CR1/0 = 10, and 4 if CR1/0 = 11. Note that during burst
mode code fetches, PSEN does not exhibit transitions at the boundaries of bus cycles. V2 still applies for the purpose of
determining peripheral timing requirements.
–
For a bus cycle with an ALE, V2 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if CRA1/0 = 00, 3 if CRA1/0 = 01, 4 if CRA1/0 = 10,
and 5 if CRA1/0 = 11) minus the number of clocks used by ALE (V1 + 0.5).
Example: If CRA1/0 = 10 and ALEW = 1, the V2 = 4 – (1.5 + 0.5) = 2.
V3) This variable represents the programmed length of an entire code read cycle with ALE. This time is determined by the CRA1 and
CRA0 bits in the BTRL register. V3 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if CRA1/0 = 00, 3 if CRA1/0 = 01, 4 if CRA1/0 = 10,
and 5 if CRA1/0 = 11).
V4) This variable represents the programmed length of an entire code read cycle with no ALE. This time is determined by the CR1 and
CR0 bits in the BTRL register. V4 = 1 if CR1/0 = 00, 2 if CR1/0 = 01, 3 if CR1/0 = 10, and 4 if CR1/0 = 11.
V5) This variable represents the programmed length of an entire data read cycle with no ALE. this time is determined by the DR1 and
DR0 bits in the BTRH register. V5 = 1 if DR1/0 = 00, 2 if DR1/0 = 01, 3 if DR1/0 = 10, and 4 if DR1/0 = 11.
V6) This variable represents the programmed length of an entire data read cycle with ALE. The time is determined by the DRA1 and
DRA0 bits in the BTRH register. V6 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if DRA1/0 = 00, 3 if DRA1/0 = 01, 4 if DRA1/0 = 10,
and 5 if DRA1/0 = 11).
V7) This variable represents the programmed width of the RD pulse as determined by the DR1 and DR0 bits or the DRA1, DRA0 in the
BTRH register, and the ALEW bit in the BTRL register. Note that during a 16-bit operation on an 8-bit external bus, RD remains low
and does not exhibit a transition between the first and second byte bus cycles. V7 still applies for the purpose of determining
peripheral timing requirements. The timing for the first byte is for a bus cycle with ALE, the timing for the second byte is for a bus
cycle with no ALE.
–
–
For a bus cycle with no ALE, V7 = 1 if DR1/0 = 00, 2 if DR1/0 = 01, 3 if DR1/0 = 10, and 4 if DR1/0 = 11.
For a bus cycle with an ALE, V7 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if DRA1/0 = 00, 3 if DRA1/0 = 01, 4 if DRA1/0 = 10,
and 5 if DRA1/0 = 11) minus the number of clocks used by ALE (V1 + 0.5).
Example: If DRA1/0 = 00 and ALEW = 0, then V7 = 2 – (0.5 + 0.5) = 1.
V8) This variable represents the programmed width of the WRL and/or WRH pulse as determined by the WM1 bit in the BTRL register.
V8 1 if WM1 = 0, and 2 if WM1 = 1.
V9) This variable represents the programmed address setup time for a write as determined by the data write cycle duration (defined by
DW1 and DW0 or the DWA1 and DWA0 bits in the BTRH register), the WM0 bit in the BTRL register, and the value of V8.
–
For a bus cycle with an ALE, V9 = the total bus write cycle duration (2 if DWA1/0 = 00, 3 if DWA1/0 = 01, 4 if DWA1/0 = 10, and 5
if DWA1/0 = 11) minus the number of clocks used by the WRL and/or WRH pulse (V8), minus the number of clocks used by data
hold time (0 if WM0 = 0 and 1 if WM0 = 1).
Example: If DWA1/0 = 10, WM0 = 1, and WM1 = 1, then V9 = 4 – 1 – 2 = 1.
–
For a bus cycle with no ALE, V9 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if DW1/0 = 00, 3 if DW1/0 = 01, 4 if DW1/0 = 10, and
5 if DW1/0 = 11) minus the number of clocks used by the WRL and/or WRH pulse (V8), minus the number of clocks used by data
hold time (0 if WM0 = 0 and 1 if WM0 = 1).
Example: If DW1/0 = 11, WM0 = 1, and WM1 = 0, then V9 = 5 – 1 – 1 = 3.
V10) This variable represents the length of a bus strobe for calculation of WAIT setup and hold times. The strobe may be RD (for data read
cycles), WRL and/or WRH (for data write cycles), or PSEN (for code read cycles), depending on the type of bus cycle being widened
by WAIT. V10 = V2 for WAIT associated with a code read cycle using PSEN. V10 = V8 for a data write cycle using WRL and/or WRH.
V10 = V7–1 for a data read cycle using RD. This means that a single clock data read cycle cannot be stretched using WAIT.
If WAIT is used to vary the duration of data read cycles, the RD strobe width must be set to be at least two clocks in duration.
Also see Note 4.
V11) This variable represents the programmed write hold time as determined by the WM0 bit in the BTRL register.
V11 = 0 if the WM0 bit = 0, and 1 if the WM0 bit = 1.
V12) This variable represents the programmed period between the end of the ALE pulse and the beginning of the WRL and/or WRH pulse
as determined by the data write cycle duration (defined by the DWA1 and DWA0 bits in the BTRH register), the WM0 bit in the BTRL
register, and the values of V1 and V8. V12 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if DWA1/0 = 00, 3 if DWA1/0 = 01, 4 if DWA1/0 = 10, and
5 if DWA1/0 = 11) minus the number of clocks used by the WRL and/or WRH pulse (V8), minus the number of clocks used by data
hold time (0 if WM0 = 0 and 1 if WM0 = 1), minus the width of the ALE pulse (V1).
Example: If DWA1/0 = 11, WM0 = 1, WM1 = 0, and ALEW = 1, then V12 = 5 – 1 – 1 – 1.5 = 1.5.
V13) This variable represents the programmed data setup time for a write as determined by the data write cycle duration (defined by DW1
and DW0 or the DWA1 and DWA0 bits in the BTRH register), the WM0 bit in the BTRL register, and the values of V1 and V8.
–
–
For a bus cycle with an ALE, V13 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if DWA1/0 = 00, 3 if DWA1/0 = 01, 4 if DWA1/0 = 10, and
5 if DWA1/0 = 11) minus the number of clocks used by the WRL and/or WRH pulse (V8), minus the number of clocks used by
data hold time (0 if WM0 = 0 and 1 if WM0 = 1), minus the number of clocks used by ALE (V1 + 0.5).
Example: If DWA1/0 = 11, WM0 = 1, WM1 = 1, and ALEW = 0, then V13 = 5 – 1 – 2 – 1 = 1.
For a bus cycle with no ALE, V13 = the total bus cycle duration (2 if DW1/0 = 00, 3 if DW1/0 = 01, 4 if DW1/0 = 10, and
5 if DW1/0 = 11) minus the number of clocks used by the WRL and/or WRH pulse (V8), minus the number of clocks used by
data hold time (0 if WM0 = 0 and 1 if WM0 = 1).
Example: If DW1/0 = 01, WM0 = 1, and WM1 = 0, then V13 = 3 – 1 – 1 = 1.
3. Not all combinations of bus timing configuration values result in valid bus cycles. Please refer to the XA User Guide section on the External
Bus for details.
4. When code is being fetched for execution on the external bus, a burst mode fetch is used that does not have PSEN edges in every fetch
cycle. Thus, if WAIT is used to delay code fetch cycles, a change in the low order address lines must be detected to locate the beginning of
a cycle. This would be A3–A0 for an 8-bit bus, and A3–A1 for a 16-bit bus. Also, a 16-bit data read operation conducted on a 8-bit wide bus
similarly does not include two separate RD strobes. So, a rising edge on the low order address line (A0) must be used to trigger a WAIT in
the second half of such a cycle.
34
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
5. This parameter is provided for peripherals that have the data clocked in on the falling edge of the WR strobe. This is not usually the case,
and in most applications this parameter is not used.
6. Please note that the XA-G39 requires that extended data bus hold time (WM0 = 1) to be used with external bus write cycles.
7. Applies only to an external clock source, not when a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins.
t
LHLL
ALE
t
t
LLPL
AVLL
t
PLPH
t
PLIV
PSEN
t
LLAX
t
PXIZ
t
PXIX
MULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS AND DATA
A4–A11 or A4–A19
INSTR IN *
t
IXUA
t
AVIVA
UNMULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
A0 or A1–A3, A12–19
*
INSTR IN is either D0–D7 or D0–D15, depending on the bus width (8 or 16 bits).
Figure 20. External Program Memory Read Cycle (ALE Cycle)
SU01073
ALE
PSEN
MULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS AND DATA
A4–A11 or A4–A19
INSTR IN *
t
AVIVB
UNMULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
A0 or A1–A3, A12–19
A0 or A1–A3, A12–19
*
INSTR IN is either D0–D7 or D0–D15, depending on the bus width (8 or 16 bits).
SU00707
Figure 21. External Program Memory Read Cycle (Non-ALE Cycle)
35
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
ALE
t
t
LLRL
RLRH
RD
t
RHDZ
t
LLAX
t
t
RLDV
AVLL
t
RHDX
MULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
A4–A11 or A4–A19
DATA IN *
AND DATA
t
DXUA
t
AVDVA
UNMULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
A0 or A1–A3, A12–A19
*
DATA IN is either D0–D7 or D0–D15, depending on the bus width (8 or 16 bits).
Figure 22. External Data Memory Read Cycle (ALE Cycle)
SU00947
ALE
RD
MULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
D0–D7
A4–A11
DATA IN *
AND DATA
t
AVDVB
UNMULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
A0–A3, A12–A19
A0–A3, A12–A19
SU00708A
Figure 23. External Data Memory Read Cycle (Non-ALE Cycle)
36
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
ALE
t
t
WLWH
LLWL
WRL or WRH
t
t
QVWX
LLAX
t
t
WHQX
AVLL
MULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
A4–A11 or A4–A15
DATA OUT *
AND DATA
t
AVWL
t
UAWH
UNMULTIPLEXED
ADDRESS
A0 or A1–A3, A12–A19
*
DATA OUT is either D0–D7 or D0–D15, depending on the bus width (8 or 16 bits).
Figure 24. External Data Memory Write Cycle
SU00584C
XTAL1
ALE
t
CRAR
ADDRESS BUS
WAIT
BUS STROBE
(WRL, WRH,
RD, OR PSEN)
t
WTH
(The dashed line shows the strobe without WAIT.)
t
WTL
SU00709A
Figure 25. WAIT Signal Timing
37
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
V
–0.5
DD
0.7V
DD
–0.1
0.45V
0.2V
DD
t
CHCX
t
t
t
CHCL
CLCX
CLCH
t
C
SU00842
Figure 26. External Clock Drive
V
–0.5
DD
0.2V +0.9
DD
0.2V –0.1
DD
0.45V
NOTE:
AC inputs during testing are driven at V –0.5 for a logic ‘1’ and 0.45V for a logic ‘0’.
DD
Timing measurements are made at the 50% point of transitions.
SU00703A
Figure 27. AC Testing Input/Output
V
V
+0.1V
LOAD
V
V
–0.1V
TIMING
REFERENCE
POINTS
OH
V
LOAD
–0.1V
LOAD
+0.1V
OL
NOTE:
For timing purposes, a port is no longer floating when a 100mV change from load voltage occurs,
and begins to float when a 100mV change from the loaded V /V level occurs. I /I ≥ ±20mA.
OH OL
OH OL
SU00011
Figure 28. Float Waveform
V
V
DD
DD
V
V
DD
DD
RST
V
DD
RST
EA
EA
(NC)
XTAL2
XTAL1
(NC)
CLOCK SIGNAL
XTAL2
XTAL1
CLOCK SIGNAL
V
SS
V
SS
SU00591B
SU00590B
Figure 29. I Test Condition, Active Mode
Figure 30. I Test Condition, Idle Mode
DD
DD
All other pins are disconnected
All other pins are disconnected
38
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
120
100
80
MAX. I (ACTIVE)
DD
60
CURRENT (mA)
40
20
0
MAX. I (IDLE)
DD
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
FREQUENCY (MHz)
SU00844
Figure 31. I vs. Frequency
DD
Valid only within frequency specification of the device under test.
V
–0.5
DD
0.7V
DD
–0.1
0.45V
0.2V
DD
t
CHCX
t
t
t
CHCL
CLCX
CLCH
t
CL
SU00608A
Figure 32. Clock Signal Waveform for I Tests in Active and Idle Modes
DD
t
= t
= 5ns
CHCL
CLCH
V
DD
V
DD
V
DD
RST
EA
(NC)
XTAL2
XTAL1
V
SS
SU00585A
Figure 33. I Test Condition, Power Down Mode
DD
All other pins are disconnected. V =2 V to 5.5 V
DD
39
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
SOT187-2
40
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
REVISION HISTORY
Date
CPCN
Description
2002 Mar 13
9397 750 08927
Initial release
41
2002 Mar 13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary data
XA 16-bit microcontroller family
32K Flash/1K RAM, watchdog, 2 UARTs
XA-G39
Data sheet status
Product
status
Definitions
[1]
Data sheet status
[2]
Objective data
Development
This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development.
Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice.
Preliminary data
Product data
Qualification
Production
This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be
published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification
without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product.
This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the
right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply.
Changes will be communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change Notification
(CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A.
[1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design.
[2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Definitions
Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For
detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook.
Limiting values definition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one
or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or
at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended
periods may affect device reliability.
Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips
Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or
modification.
Disclaimers
Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can
reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications
do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.
Righttomakechanges—PhilipsSemiconductorsreservestherighttomakechanges, withoutnotice, intheproducts, includingcircuits,standard
cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no
responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these
products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless
otherwise specified.
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002
Contact information
All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
For additional information please visit
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Fax: +31 40 27 24825
Date of release: 03-02
9397 750 08927
For sales offices addresses send e-mail to:
sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Document order number:
Philips
Semiconductors
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