KAC-12040-CBA-JD-AE [ONSEMI]
CMOS Image Sensor;型号: | KAC-12040-CBA-JD-AE |
厂家: | ONSEMI |
描述: | CMOS Image Sensor |
文件: | 总41页 (文件大小:820K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
KAC-12040
4000 (H) x 3000 (V)
CMOS Image Sensor
Description
The KAC−12040 Image Sensor is a high-speed 12 megapixel
CMOS image sensor in a 4/3″ optical format based on a 4.7 mm 5T
CMOS platform. The image sensor features very fast frame rate,
excellent NIR sensitivity, and flexible readout modes with multiple
regions of interest (ROI). The readout architecture enables use of 8, 4,
or 2 LVDS output banks for full resolution readout of 70 frames per
second.
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Each LVDS output bank consists of up to 8 differential pairs
operating at 160 MHz DDR for a 320 Mbps data rate per pair.
The pixel architecture allows rolling shutter operation for motion
capture with optimized dynamic range or global shutter for precise
still image capture.
Table 1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter
Architecture
Typical Value
5T Global Shutter CMOS
12 Megapixels
Figure 1. KAC−12040 CMOS Image Sensor
Features
Resolution
Aspect Ratio
4:3
Pixel Size
4.7 mm (H) × 4.7 mm (V)
4224 (H) × 3192 (V)
4016 (H) × 3016 (V)
4000 (H) × 3000 (V)
• Global Shutter and Rolling Shutter
• Very Fast Frame Rate
• High NIR Sensitivity
• Multiple Regions of Interest
• Interspersed Video Streams
Total Number of Pixels
Number of Effective Pixels
Number of Active Pixels
Active Image Size
18.8 mm (H) × 14.1 mm (V)
23.5 mm (Diagonal), 4/3″ Optical Format
Master Clock Input Speed
Maximum Pixel Clock Speed
Number of LVDS Outputs
Number of Output Banks
Frame Rate, 12 Mp
5 MHz to 50 MHZ
Applications
160 MHz DDR LVDS, 320 Mbps
64 Differential Pairs
8, 4, or 2
• Machine Vision
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• Surveillance
1−70 fps 10 bits
1−75 fps 8 bits
Charge Capacity
16,000 electrons
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 2 of
this data sheet.
Quantum Efficiency
KAC−12040−CBA
KAC−12040−ABA
40%, 47%, 45% (470, 540, 620 nm)
53%, 15%, 10% (500, 850, 900 nm)
−
Read Noise
(at Maximum LVDS Clock)
3.7 e rms, Rolling Shutter
−
25.5 e rms, Global Shutter
Dynamic Range
73 dB, Rolling Shutter
56 dB, Global Shutter
Blooming Suppression
Image Lag
> 10,000x
1.3 electron
Digital Core Supply
Analog Core Supply
Pixel Supply
2.0 V
1.8 V
2.8 V & 3.5 V
Power Consumption
Package
1.5 W for 12 Mp @ 70 fps 10 bits
267 Pin Ceramic Micro-PGA
AR Coated, 2-sides
Cover Glass
NOTE: All Parameters are specified at T = 40°C unless otherwise noted.
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016
1
Publication Order Number:
March, 2016 − Rev. 5
KAC−12040/D
KAC−12040
The image sensor has a pre-configured QFHD (4 × 1080p,
clamping, overflow pixel for blooming reduction, black-sun
correction (anti-eclipse), column and row noise correction,
and integrated timing generation with SPI control, 4:1 and
9:1 averaging decimation modes.
16:9) video mode, fully programmable, multiple ROI for
windowing, programmable sub-sampling, and reverse
readout (flip and mirror). The two ADCs can be configured
for 8-bit, 10-bit, 12-bit or 14-bit conversion and output.
Additional features include interspersed video streams
(dual-video), on-chip responsivity calibration, black
ORDERING INFORMATION
Table 2. ORDERING INFORMATION − KAC−12040 IMAGE SENSOR
Part Number
Description
Marking Code
KAC−12040−ABA−JD−BA
Monochrome, Micro-PGA Package, Sealed Clear Cover Glass with AR
Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade.
KAC−12040−ABA
Serial Number
KAC−12040−ABA−JD−AE
KAC−12040−CBA−JD−BA
KAC−12040−CBA−JD−AE
Monochrome, Micro-PGA Package, Sealed Clear Cover Glass with AR
Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Grade.
Bayer (RGB) Color Filter Pattern, Micro-PGA Package, Sealed Clear Cover
Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade.
KAC−12040−CBA
Serial Number
Bayer (RGB) Color Filter Pattern, Micro-PGA Package, Sealed Clear Cover
Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Grade.
1. Engineering Grade samples might not meet final production testing limits, especially for cosmetic defects such as clusters, but also possibly
column and row artifacts. Overall performance is representative of final production parts.
Table 3. ORDERING INFORMATION − EVALUATION SUPPORT
Part Number
Description
KAC−12040−CB−A−GEVK
KAC−12040−AB−A−GEVK
LENS−MOUNT−KIT−C−GEVK
Evaluation Hardware for KAC−12040 Image Sensor (Color). Includes Image Sensor.
Evaluation Hardware for KAC−12040 Image Sensor (Monochrome). Includes Image Sensor.
Lens Mount Kit that Supports C, CS, and F Mount Lenses. Includes IR Cut-filter for Color Imaging.
See the ON Semiconductor Device Nomenclature document (TND310/D) for a full description of the naming convention
used for image sensors. For reference documentation, including information on evaluation kits, please visit our web site at
www.onsemi.com.
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2
KAC−12040
DEVICE DESCRIPTION
Architecture
3.5 V
A
LVDS Bank 3
LVDS Bank 5
LVDS Bank 7
3.3 V
D
2.8 V
A
2.0 V
Odd Row ADC, Analog Gain, Black-Sun Correction
D
1.8 V
A
88
8
1D − 1D
Chip Clock (2 Pins)
TRIGGER
0
6
B
G
G
R
B
G
G
R
RESETN
4000 (H) y 3000 (V)
4.7 mm Pixel
Clk1
Serial
CSN
SCLK
MOSI
MISO
Peripheral
Interface
(SPI)
0D − 0D
0
6
B
G
G
R
B
G
G
R
ADC_Ref1
(0, 0)
8
88
Clk0
4.02 kW 1%
Even Row ADC, Analog Gain, Black-Sun Correction
ADC_Ref2
VSS 0 V
LVDS Bank 2
LVDS Bank 4
LVDS Bank 6
Figure 2. Block Diagram
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KAC−12040
Physical Orientation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
A
B
C
D
E
LVDS Bank 3
LVDS Bank 5
LVDS Bank 7
LVDS Bank 2
LVDS Bank 4
LVDS Bank 6
AA
AB
AC
AD
AE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Notes:
1. The center of the pixel array is aligned to the physical package center.
2. The region under the sensor die is clear of pins enabling the use of a heat sink.
3. Non-symmetric mounting holes provide orientation and mounting precision.
4. Non-symmetric pins prevent incorrect placement in PCB.
5. Letter “F” indicator shows default readout direction relative to package pin 1.
Figure 3. Package Pin Orientation − Top X-Ray View
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KAC−12040
Table 4. PRIMARY PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin
Name
RESETN
CLK_In1
CLK_In2
TRIGGER
SCLK
Type
DI
Description
AB09
E07
Sensor Reset (0 V = Reset State)
Sensor Input Clk_In1 (45−50 MHz)
DI
D08
DI
Sensor Input Clk_In2 (Connect to Clk1)
Trigger Input (Optional)
AB08
AA05
AA08
AA07
AA06
AA14
AA15
AB07
AB06
E05
DI
DI
SPI Master Clock
MOSI
DI
SPI Master Output, Slave Input
MISO
DO
DI
SPI Master Input, Slave Output
CSN
SPI Chip Select (0 V = Selected)
4.02 kW 1% Resistor between Ref1 & Ref2
4.02 kW 1% Resistor between Ref1 & Ref2
Mechanical Shutter Output Sync (Optional)
Flash Output Sync (Optional)
ADC_Ref1
ADC_Ref2
MSO
AO
AO
DO
DO
DO
DO
FLO
FEN
Frame Enable Reference Output (Optional)
Line Enable Reference Output (Optional)
E06
LEN
1. DI = Digital Input, DO = Digital Output, AO = Analog Output.
2. Tie unused DI pins to Ground, NC unused DO pins.
3. By default Clk_In2 should equal Clk_In1 and should be the same source clock.
4. The RESETN pin has a 62 kW internal pull-up resistor, so if left floating the chip will not be in reset mode.
5. The TRIGGER pin has an internal 100 kW pull down resistor. If left floating (and at default polarity) then the sensor state will not be affected
by this pin (i.e. defaults to ‘not triggered’ mode if floated).
6. All of the DI and DO pins nominally operate at 0 V → 2.0 V and are associated with the VDD_DIG power supply.
Table 5. POWER PIN DESCRIPTION
Name
Voltage
Pins
Description
LVDS Output Supply
VDD_LVDS
3.3 V D
C04, C05, C23, C24, D04, D24, E04, E24, AA04, AA24,
AB04, AB24, AC04, AC05 AC23, AC24
VDD_DIG
AVDD_HV
2.0 V D
C18, C19, D18, D19, E18, AA18, AB18, AB19, AC18, AC19,
C20, C21, C22, D20, D21, D22, D23, E20, E21, E22, AA20,
AA21, AA22, AB20, AB21, AB22, AB23, AC20, AC21,
AC22, AB15, E08
Digital Core Supply
3.5 V A
C11, D11, E11, AA11, AB11, AC11, C10, D10, E10, AA10,
AB10, AC10
Pixel Supply 1
Vref_P
2.8 V A
1.8 V A
0 V
C13, D13, E13, AA13, AB13, AC13
C17, D16, D17, E17, AA17, AB16, AB17, AC17
E09
Pixel Supply 2
AVDD_LV
Vpixel_low
Analog Low Voltage Supply
Pixel Supply 3. Combine with VSS for
normal operation. Can be pulsed for
Extended Dynamic Range Operation.
VSS
0 V
NA
C12, C14, D12, D14, E12, AA12, AB12, AB14, AC12, AC14,
E15, D15, AA09, A02, A14, A26, B14, C03, C06, C25, D03,
D25, E03, E19, E23, E25, AA03, AA19, AA23, AA25, AB25,
AC03, AC06, AC25, AD14, AE02, AE14, AE26
Sensor Ground Reference
No Connect
A01, AC09, E14, E16, C09, D09, D05, D06, D07, AA16,
AB05
Unused and test-only pins. These
pins must be floated.
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KAC−12040
Table 6. LVDS PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin
E01
E02
D01
D02
C01
C02
B01
B02
A03
B03
A04
B04
A05
B05
A06
B06
Name
Description
Pin
C07
C08
A07
B07
A08
B08
A09
B09
A10
B10
A11
B11
A12
B12
A13
B13
Name
Description
Pin
C15
C16
A15
B15
A16
B16
A17
B17
A18
B18
A19
B19
A20
B20
A21
B21
Name
Description
Pin
A22
B22
A23
B23
A24
B24
A25
B25
B27
B26
C27
C26
D27
D26
E27
E26
Name
Description
1DCLK+
1DCLK−
1DATA0+
1DATA0−
1DATA1+
1DATA1−
1DATA2+
1DATA2−
1DATA3+
1DATA3−
1DATA4+
1DATA4−
1DATA5+
1DATA5−
1DATA6+
1DATA6−
3DCLK+
3DCLK−
3DATA0+
3DATA0−
3DATA1+
3DATA1−
3DATA2+
3DATA2−
3DATA3+
3DATA3−
3DATA4+
3DATA4−
3DATA5+
3DATA5−
3DATA6+
3DATA6−
5DCLK+
5DCLK−
5DATA0+
5DATA0−
5DATA1+
5DATA1−
5DATA2+
5DATA2−
5DATA3+
5DATA3−
5DATA4+
5DATA4−
5DATA5+
5DATA5−
5DATA6+
5DATA6−
7DCLK+
7DCLK−
7DATA0+
7DATA0−
7DATA1+
7DATA1−
7DATA2+
7DATA2−
7DATA3+
7DATA3−
7DATA4+
7DATA4−
7DATA5+
7DATA5−
7DATA6+
7DATA6−
Bank 1
Bank 3
Bank 5
Bank 7
LVDS Clock
LVDS Clock
LVDS Clock
LVDS Clock
Bank 1
Bank 3
Bank 5
Bank 7
LVDS Data
LVDS Data
LVDS Data
LVDS Data
Pin
Name
Description
Pin
Name
Description
Pin
Name
Description
Pin
Name
Description
AA01
AA02
AB01
AB02
AC01
AC02
AD01
AD02
AE03
AD03
AE04
AD04
AE05
AD05
AE06
AD06
0DCLK+
0DCLK−
0DATA0+
0DATA0−
0DATA1+
0DATA1−
0DATA2+
0DATA2−
0DATA3+
0DATA3−
0DATA4+
0DATA4−
0DATA5+
0DATA5−
0DATA6+
0DATA6−
AC07
AC08
AE07
AD07
AE08
AD08
AE09
AD09
AE10
AD10
AE11
AD11
AE12
AD12
AE13
AD13
2DCLK+
2DCLK−
2DATA0+
2DATA0−
2DATA1+
2DATA1−
2DATA2+
2DATA2−
2DATA3+
2DATA3−
2DATA4+
2DATA4−
2DATA5+
2DATA5−
2DATA6+
2DATA6−
AC15
AC16
AE15
AD15
AE16
AD16
AE17
AD17
AE18
AD18
AE19
AD19
AE20
AD20
AE21
AD21
4DCLK+
4DCLK−
4DATA0+
4DATA0−
4DATA1+
4DATA1−
4DATA2+
4DATA2−
4DATA3+
4DATA3−
4DATA4+
4DATA4−
4DATA5+
4DATA5−
4DATA6+
4DATA6−
AE22
AD22
AE23
AD23
AE24
AD24
AE25
AD25
AD26
AD27
AC26
AC27
AB26
AB27
AA26
AA27
6DCLK+
6DCLK−
6DATA0+
6DATA0−
6DATA1+
6DATA1−
6DATA2+
6DATA2−
6DATA3+
6DATA3−
6DATA4+
6DATA4−
6DATA5+
6DATA5−
6DATA6+
6DATA6−
Bank 0
Bank 2
Bank 4
Bank 6
LVDS Clock
LVDS Clock
LVDS Clock
LVDS Clock
Bank 0
Bank 2
Bank 4
Bank 6
LVDS Data
LVDS Data
LVDS Data
LVDS Data
1. All LVDS Data and Clock lines must be routed with 100 W differential transmission line traces.
2. All the traces for a single LVDS Bank should be the same physical length to minimize skew between the clock and data lines.
3. In 2 Bank mode, only LVDS banks 0 and 1 are active.
4. In 4 Bank mode, only LVDS bank 0, 1, 2, and 3 are active.
5. Float the pins of unused LVDS Banks to conserve power.
6. Unused pins in active banks (due to ADC bit depth < 14) are automatically tri-stated to save power, but these can also be floated.
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KAC−12040
IMAGING PERFORMANCE
Table 7. TYPICAL OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
(Unless otherwise noted, the Imaging Performance Specifications are measured using the following conditions.)
Description
Light Source
Condition
Continuous Red, Green and Blue LED Illumination
Measured Die Temperature: 40°C and 27°C
16.6 ms (1400d LL, Register 0201h)
Notes
1
Temperature
Integration Time
Readout Mode
Clamps
Dual-Scan, Global Shutter, 320 MHz, PLL2
Column/Row Noise Corrections Active, Frame Black Level Clamp Active
10 bit
ADC Bit Depth
Analog Gain
Unity Gain or Referred Back to Unit Gain
1. For monochrome sensor, only green LED used.
Table 8. KAC−12040−ABA CONFIGURATION (MONOCHROME)
Temperature
Wavelength
(nm)
Sampling
Plan
Tested at
(5C)
27
Description
Symbol
QE
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
Test
Peak Quantum Efficiency
%
Design
MAX
Green
NIR1
NIR2
550
850
900
−
−
−
53
15
10
−
−
−
ke*
Lux @ s
Responsivity
Responsivity
−
−
84
−
−
Design
Design
27
27
20
21
7.0
V
Lux @ s
Table 9. KAC−12040−CBA CONFIGURATION (BAYER RGB)
Temperature
Tested at
(5C)
Wavelength
(nm)
Sampling
Plan
Description
Symbol
QE
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
Test
Peak Quantum Efficiency
470
540
620
850
900
−
−
−
−
−
40
47
45
15
10
−
−
−
−
−
%
Design
27
MAX
Green
NIR1
NIR2
ke*
Lux @ s
Responsivity
Responsivity
Blue
Green
Red
−
−
−
17
35
38
−
−
−
Design
Design
27
27
20
21
Blue
Green
Red
−
−
−
1.4
2.9
3.2
−
−
−
V
Lux @ s
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KAC−12040
Table 10. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS ALL CONFIGURATIONS
Temperature
Tested at
(5C)
Sampling
Plan
Description
Symbol
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Unit
Test
Notes
−
Photodiode Charge
Capacity
PNe
−
16
−
ke
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
27, 40
16
−
−
Read Noise
ne T
−
−
3.7 RS
25.5 GS
−
−
e rms
27
8
1
−
Total Pixelized Noise
Dynamic Range
Column Noise
Row Noise
−
−
4.5 RS
28.3 GS
−
−
e rms
27
19
1
DR
−
−
73 RS
56 GS
−
−
dB
27
1, 4
1, 6
1, 7
1, 5
2
−
C
R
−
−
0.6 RS
3.0 GS
−
−
e rms
27
9
10
1
N
N
−
−
−
1.0 RS
5.0 GS
−
−
e rms
27
−
Dark Field Local
Non-Uniformity Floor
DSNU_flr
PRNU_1
−
−
3.0 RS
21 GS
−
−
e rms
27, 40
27, 40
Bright Field Global
Photoresponse
Non-Uniformity
−
1.5
−
% rms
% pp
2
Bright Field Global Peak to
Peak Photoresponse
Non-Uniformity
PRNU_2
−
6.5
−
Die
27, 40
3
2
Maximum Photoresponse
Non-Linearity
NL
−
−
6.3
0.3
−
−
%
%
Die
Die
27, 40
27, 40
11
12
3
8
Maximum Gain Difference
between Outputs
DG
Photodiode Dark Current
Storage Node Dark Current
Image Lag
I
I
−
−
−
4.6
1,200
1.3
70
5,000
10
e/p/s
Die
Die
40
40
13
14
15
7
9
5
PD
e/p/s
VD
−
Lag
Design
Design
27, 40
27
2
Black-Sun Anti-Blooming
X
−
−
12
> 10,000
−
−
W/cm
14
10
AB
xllumSat
Parasitic Light Sensitivity
Dual-Video WDR
PLS
−
730
−
−
Design
Design
27
27
6
−
−
140 RS
120 GS
−
−
dB
1, 11,
12
Pulsed Pixel WDR
(GS Only)
−
100
−
dB
Design
27
12, 13
1. RS = Rolling Shutter Operation Mode, GS = Global Shutter Operation Mode.
2. Measured per color, worst of all colors reported.
3. Value is over the range of 10% to 90% of photodiode saturation, Green response used.
−
4. Uses 20LOG (PNe / ne T).
5. Photodiode dark current made negligible.
6. Column Noise Correction active.
7. Row Noise Correction active.
8. Measured at ~70% illumination.
9. Storage node dark current made negligible.
10.GSE (Global Shutter Efficiency) = 1 − 1 / PLS.
11. Min vs Max integration time at 30 fps.
12.WDR measures expanded exposure latitude from linear mode DR.
13.Min/Max responsivity in a 30 fps image.
14.Saturation Illumination referenced to a 3 line time integration.
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KAC−12040
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
Figure 4. Monochrome QE (with Microlens)
Figure 5. Bayer QE (with Microlens)
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KAC−12040
Angular Quantum Efficiency
For the curves marked “Horizontal”, the incident light angle is varied along the wider array dimension.
For the curves marked “Vertical”, the incident light angle is varied along the shorter array dimension.
Figure 6. Monochrome Relative Angular QE (with Microlens)
Figure 7. Bayer Relative Angular QE (with Microlens)
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KAC−12040
Dark Current vs. Temperature
NOTE: “Dbl” denotes an approximate doubling temperature for the dark current for the displayed temperature range.
Figure 8. Dark Current vs. Temperature
Power vs. Frame Rate
The most effective method to use the maximum PLL2
operations are suspended during Vertical Blanking
conserving significant power consumption and also
minimizing the image storage time on the storage node when
in Global Shutter Operation.
speed (313 → 320 MHz) and control frame rate with
minimum Power and maximum image quality is to adjust
Vertical Blanking. (register 01F1h). Unnecessary chip
NOTE: The LVDS clock is ½ the PLL2 clock speed.
Figure 9. Power vs. Frame Rate, 10 bit Mode
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KAC−12040
Power and Frame Rate vs. ADC Bit Depth
Increasing the ADC bit depth impacts the frame rate by
changing the ADC conversion time. The following figure
shows the power and Frame rate range for several typical
cases.
Figure 10. ADC Bit Depth Impact on Frame Rate and Power
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KAC−12040
DEFECT DEFINITIONS
Table 11. OPERATION CONDITIONS FOR DEFECT TESTING
Description
Condition
Notes
Operational Mode
10 bit ADC, 8 LVDS Outputs, Global Shutter and Rolling Shutter Modes,
Dual-Scan, Black Level Clamp ON, Column/Row Noise Corrections ON,
1× Analog Gain, 1× Digital Gain
Pixels per Line
Lines per Frame
Line Time
4,000
3,000
8.7 ms
Frame Time
13.9 ms
Photodiode Integration Time
Storage Readout Time
Temperature
33 ms
13.9 ms
40°C and 29°C
Light Source
Continuous Red, Green and Blue LED Illumination
Nominal Operating Voltages and Timing, PLL1 = 320 MHz, Wafer Test
1
Operation
1. For monochrome sensor, only the green LED is used.
Table 12. DEFECT DEFINITIONS FOR TESTING
Description
Definition
Limit
Test
Notes
Dark Field Defective Pixel
30°C
40°C
120
4
1, 4, 5
RS: Defect ≥ 20 dn
GS: Defect ≥ 180 dn
RS: Defect ≥ 30 dn
GS: Defect ≥ 240 dn
Bright Field Defective Pixel
Cluster Defect
Defect ≥ 12% from Local Mean
120
22
5
2, 5
3
A group of 2 to 10 contiguous defective pixels, but
no more than 3 adjacent defects horizontally.
Column/Row Major Defect
A group of more than 10 contiguous defective pixels
along a single column or row.
0
0
0
Dark Field Faint Column/Row Defect
Bright Field Faint Column/Row Defect
1. RS = Rolling Shutter, GS = Global Shutter.
RS: 3 dn Threshold
GS: 10 dn Threshold
17
18
1
1
RS: 12 dn Threshold
GS: 18 dn Threshold
2. For the color devices, all bright defects are defined within a single color plane, each color plane is tested.
3. Cluster defects are separated by no less than two good pixels in any direction.
4. Rolling Shutter Dark Field points are dominated by photodiode integration time, Global Shutter Dark Field defects are dominated by the
readout time.
5. The net sum of all bright and dark field pixel defects in rolling and global shutter are combined and then compared to the test limit.
Defect Map
The defect map supplied with each sensor is based upon
testing at an ambient (29°C) temperature. All defective
pixels are reference to pixel (0, 0) in the defect maps. See
Figure 11 for the location of pixel (0, 0).
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KAC−12040
TEST DEFINITIONS
Test Regions of Interest
Image Area ROI:
Active Area ROI:
Center ROI:
Pixel (0, 0) to Pixel (4015, 3015)
Pixel (8, 8) to Pixel (3999, 2999)
Pixel (1958, 1458) to Pixel (2057, 1557)
Only the Active Area ROI pixels are used for performance and defect tests.
88
8
B
G
G
R
B
G
G
R
4000 (H) y 3000 (V)
4.7 mm Pixel
8,8
0,0
B
G
G
R
8
88
Figure 11. Regions of Interest
Test Descriptions
The highest sub-ROI average (Maximum Signal) and the
lowest sub-ROI average (Minimum Signal) are then used in
the following formula to calculate PRNU_2.
1) Dark Field Local Non-Uniformity Floor (DSNU_flr)
This test is performed under dark field conditions.
A 4 frame average image is collected. This image is
partitioned into 300 sub-regions of interest, each of which is
200 by 200 pixels in size. For each sub-region the standard
deviation of all its pixels is calculated. The dark field local
non-uniformity is the largest standard deviation found from
Max. Signal * Min. Signal
PRNU_2 + 100 @ ǒ
Units : % pp
Ǔ
Active Area Signal
4) Dark Field Defect Test
−
This test is performed under dark field conditions.
The sensor is partitioned into 300 sub regions of interest,
each of which is 128 by 128 pixels in size. In each region of
interest, the median value of all pixels is found. For each
region of interest, a pixel is marked defective if it is greater
than or equal to the median value of that region of interest
plus the defect threshold specified in the Defect Definition
Table section.
all the sub regions of interest. Units: e rms (electrons rms).
2) Bright Field Global Photoresponse Non-Uniformity
(PRNU_1)
The sensor illuminated to 70% of saturation (~700 dn). In
this condition a 4 frame average image is collected. From
this 4 frame average image a 4 frame average dark image is
subtracted. The Active Area Standard Deviation is the
standard deviation of the resultant image and the Active
Area Signal is the average of the resultant image.
5) Bright Field Defect Test
This test is performed with the imager illuminated to
a level such that the output is at approximately 700 dn.
The average signal level of all active pixels is found.
The bright and dark thresholds are set as:
Active Area Standard Deviation
PRNU_1 + 100 @ ǒ
Ǔ
Active Area Signal
Units : % rms
Dark Defect Threshold = Active Area Signal ⋅ Threshold
Bright Defect Threshold = Active Area Signal ⋅ Threshold
3) Bright Field Global Peak to Peak Non-Uniformity
(PRNU_2)
This test is performed with the sensor uniformly
illuminated to 70% of saturation (~700 dn), a 4 frame
average image is collected and a 4 frame averaged dark
image is subtracted. The resultant image is partitioned into
300 sub regions of interest, each of which is 200 by
200 pixels in size. The average signal level of each sub
regions of interest (sub-ROI) is calculated.
The sensor is then partitioned into 300 sub regions of
interest, each of which is 128 by 128 pixels in size. In each
region of interest, the average value of all pixels is found.
For each region of interest, a pixel is marked defective if it
is greater than or equal to the median value of that region of
interest plus the bright threshold specified or if it is less than
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14
KAC−12040
or equal to the median value of that region of interest minus
7) Black-Sun Anti-Blooming
the dark threshold specified.
Example for bright field defective pixels:
• Average value of all active pixels is found to be 700 dn
• Lower defect threshold: 700 dn ⋅ 12% = 84 dn
• A specific 128 × 128 ROI is selected:
♦ Median of this region of interest is found to be
690 dn.
A typical CMOS image sensor has a light response profile
that goes from 0 dn to saturation (1023 dn for KAC−12040
in 10 bit ADC mode) and, with enough light, back to 0 dn.
The sensor reaching 0 dn at very bright illumination is often
called the “Black-sun” artifact and is undesirable. Black-sun
artifact is typically the dominant form of anti-blooming
image distortion. For the KAC−12040 the Black-sun artifact
threshold is measured at the onset of saturation distortion,
not at the point where the output goes to 0 dn. To first order
the onset of black-sun artifact for the KAC−12040 is not
proportional to the integration time or readout time.
The sensor is placed in the dark at unity gain and
illuminated with a 532 nm laser with the intensity of about
♦ Any pixel in this region of interest that is
≤ (690 − 84 dn) in intensity will be marked
defective.
♦ Any pixel in this region of interest that is
≥ (690 − 84 dn) in intensity will be marked
defective.
2
26 W/cm at the center of the sensor. The laser is strong
• All remaining 299 sub regions of interest are analyzed
enough to make the center of the laser spot below 1020 dn
without any ND filters. ND filters are added to adjust the
laser intensity until the signal in the region at the center of
the spot increases to > 1020 dn.
for defective pixels in the same manner.
6) Parasitic Light Sensitivity (PLS)
Parasitic Light Sensitivity is the ratio of the light
sensitivity of the photodiode to the light sensitivity of the
storage node in Global Shutter. There is no equivalent
distortion in Rolling Shutter. A low PLS value can provide
distortion of the image on the storage node by the scene
during readout.
This illumination intensity at this ND filter is recorded
2
(W/cm ) as the Black-Sun Anti-blooming.
The ‘xIlumSat’ unit is calculated using and integration
time of 100 msec.
Exposing the sensor to very strong illumination for
extended periods of time will permanently alter the sensor
performance in that localized region.
Photodiode Responsivity
PLS +
(UnitlessRatio)
Storage Node Responsivity
8) Read Noise
GSE (Global Shutter Efficiency) is a related unit.
This test is performed with no illumination and one line of
integration time. The read noise is defined as one standard
deviation of the frequency histogram containing the values
of all pixels after the excessively deviant pixels ( three
standard deviations) are removed.
1
PLS
GSE + ǒ1 * Ǔ%
Detailed Method: Photodiode Responsivity:
The sensor is set in global shutter serial mode (integration
time not overlapping readout) and the FLO signal is used to
control a 550 nm normal incident (or large f# focused)
illumination source so that the sensor is illuminated only
during photodiode integration time (not illuminated during
readout time). The integration time is not critical but should
be large enough to create a measurable mean during this
time. A 16 frame-average illuminated photodiode image is
recorded. A 16 frame-average dark frame using the same
sensor settings is captured and is subtracted from the
illuminated image.
9) Column Noise
After all rows are averaged together. Shading (low
frequency change wrt column address) is removed.
A frequency histogram is constructed of the resulting
column values. The column noise is the standard deviation
of the frequency histogram of the column values.
10) Row Noise
All columns are averaged together. Shading (low
frequency change wrt row address) is removed. A frequency
histogram is constructed of the resulting row values.
The row noise is the standard deviation of the frequency
histogram of the row values.
Detailed Method: Storage Node Responsivity:
The sensor is set to a special characterization mode where
the PD signal is discarded and does not impact the storage
node. A long total frame time (storage node exposure time)
is used to increase the storage node signal. A 16
frame-average dark frame is captured. The sensor is
illuminated by the same 550 nm incident light source used
for the photodiode responsivity. A 16 frame-average
illuminated photodiode image is recorded; the dark frame
image is subtracted from this. The integration time is not
critical but should be set such that a significant response is
detected, typically several orders of magnitude greater than
the photodiode integration time.
11) Maximum Photoresponse Non-Linearity
The photoresponse non-linearity is defined as the
deviation from the best fit of the sensor response using 70%
of saturation and zero signal as the reference points.
The different signal levels are determined by varying the
integration time. The sensor saturation level is (1023-dark
offset). The dark offset is subtracted from the image for the
following M
and L
.
AVG
AVG
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15
KAC−12040
Analog gain is set to 8. With no illumination a 64 average
dark image is recorded (Dark_ref). The ‘el-per-DN’ is
measured using the photon transfer method.
• The integration time is varied until the integration time
required to reach the 70% saturation is determined.
M
AVG
= the active array mean at the 70% saturation
Illumination is adjusted blink every other frame such that
the mean image output is 70% of the Photodiode Charge
Capacity for even frames, and with no illumination for odd
frames. A 64 frame average of Odd Dark Frames is recorded
as Dark_Lag.
integration time.
• The integration is set to 1/14 (5% exposure point).
L
= meant at the 5% exposure point.
AVG
• PRNL (@ 5% saturation) = ((L
⋅ 100
/M
AVG AVG
) ⋅ (14/1) −1)
(
)
Lag + Dark_Lag * Dark_Ref @ el−per−DN
12) Maximum Gain Difference between Outputs
Units : Electrons rms
The sensor contains two ADC and four channels of analog
data in its highest frame rate configuration. The sensor is
factory calibrated to reduce the gain differences between the
channels. The gain variations are manifest as a row oriented
pattern where every other row uses a different ADC. Using
triple scan read out mode, an additional two analog channels
are introduced resulting in a four row pattern. With one
channel (‘Top Ping’) used as the reference, the residual gain
difference is defined as:
16) Photodiode Charge Capacity
The sensor analog gain is reduced to < 1 to prevent ADC
clipping at 1023 dn. The ‘el-per-DN’ is measured using the
photon transfer method. The sensor is illuminated at a light
level ~1.5x the illumination at which the pixel output no
longer linearly changes with illumination level.
The Photodiode Charge Capacity is equal to the average
signal (DN) ⋅ el-per-DN. Units: electrons rms.
Bottom Ping Row Average
17) Dark Field Faint Column/Row Defect
ǒ
* 1Ǔ@ 100
Top Ping Row Average
A 4 frame average, no illumination image is acquired at
one line time of integration. Major defective pixels are
removed (> 5 Sigma). All columns or rows are averaged
together. The average of the local ROI of 128 columns or
rows about the column/row being tested is determined. Any
columns/rows greater than the local average by more than
the threshold are identified.
Top Pong Row Average
Top Ping Row Average
ǒ
* 1Ǔ@ 100
Bottom Pong Row Average
Top Ping Row Average
ǒ
* 1Ǔ@ 100
13) Photodiode Dark Current
18) Bright Field Faint Column/Row Defect
The photodiode dark current is measured in rolling shutter
read out mode using 105 ms integration time and an analog
gain = 8. The value is converted to electrons/pix/sec using
the formula:
A 4 frame average, 70% illumination image is acquired at
one line time of integration. Major defective pixels are
removed (> 5 Sigma). All columns or rows are averaged
together. The average of the local ROI of 128 columns or
rows about the column/row being tested is determined. Any
columns/rows greater than the local average by more than
the threshold are identified.
el−per−DN (gain=8)
Photodiode Dark Current + Aver. Signal (DN) @
0.105 seconds
where ‘average signal (DN)’ is the average of all pixels in
the sensor array, and ‘el-per-DN (gain=8)’ is measured on
each sensor using the photon transfer method.
19) Total Pixelized Noise
This test is performed with no illumination and one line of
integration time. A single image is captured including both
Temporal and Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN). A spatial low pass
filter is applied to remove shading and deviant pixels
( three standard deviations) are removed. The Total
Pixelized Noise is defined as one standard deviation of the
frequency histogram.
14) Storage Node Dark Current
The storage node dark current is measured in global
shutter read out mode using a special timing mode to prevent
the photodiode dark current from being transferred to the
storage node. In global shutter mode, the integration time of
the storage node is the time it takes to read out a frame. The
sensor analog gain is set to 2:
−
20) Responsivity ke /lux-sec
el−per−DN (gain=2)
Storage Node Dark Current + Aver. Signal (DN) @
This number is calculated by integrating the
multiplication of the sensor QE by the human photopic
response assuming a 3200K light source with a QT100 IR
filter. This is a sharp 650 nm cutoff filter. If the IR filter is
removed a higher response value will result.
0.138 seconds
where ‘average signal (DN)’ is the average of all pixels in
the sensor array and ‘el-per-DN (gain=2)’ is measured on
each sensor using the photon transfer method.
15) Lag
21) Responsivity V/lux-sec
Lag is measured as the number of electrons left in the
photodiode after readout when the sensor is illuminated at
70% of Photodiode Charge Capacity.
Voltage levels are not output from the sensor. This metric
uses the pixel output in volts at the ADC input for 1x Analog
Gain.
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16
KAC−12040
OPERATION
This section is a brief discussion of the most common
features and functions assuming default conditions. See the
KAC−12040 User Guide for a full explanation of the sensor
operation modes, options, and registers.
All SPI reads are to an even address, all SPI writes are to an
odd address.
Sensor States
Figure 12 shows the sensor states, see the KAC−12040
User Guide for detailed explanation of the States.
Register Address
The last bit of any register address is a Read/Write bit.
Most references in this document refer to the Write address.
RESETN low or
RESET
reset Reg 4060h
<35µ s
STANDBY
<2µ s
150µ s
CONFIG
WAKE−UP
(50 ms)
<2µ s
Slave Integration Mode
<50µ s
TRIG_WAIT
TRIGGER Active Edge
IDLE
End of
acquisition
<2µ s
RUNNING mode OR
TRIGGER pin
<50µ s
End of acquisition AND
IDLE mode AND
No TRIGGER
EXT_INT
TRIGGER Inactive Edge
RUNNING
READOUT
Figure 12. Sensor State Diagram
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17
KAC−12040
Encoded Syncs
the following Figure 13. This is performed for each of the
8 LVDS output banks providing frame, line, and output
synchronization. See the KAC−12040 User Guide for
additional detail on LVDS and Encoded Sync output.
To facilitate system acquisition synchronization the
KAC−12040 places synchronization words (SW) at the
beginning and at the end of each output row as indicated in
V Blanking Period
SOF
SOL
Data
EOL
EOF
V Blanking Period
Line Length (LL)
Figure 13. Encoded Frame Syncs
Line Time
This Datasheet presumes the recommended startup script
that is defined in the KAC−12040 User Guide has been
applied. The KAC−12040 defaults to Dual-Scan mode. In
this mode the LVDS data readout overlaps the pixel readout
and ADC conversion time. The Pixel and ADC conversion
time are fixed (for 10 bit operation) and total ~8.66 ms.
The LVDS time will be dependent on the PLL2 frequency
selected. If the PLL2 < 313 MHz, then the LVDS data
readout will dominate the row time. For PLL2 > 313 MHz,
the Pixel + ADC will set the minimum Line Time. The Line
Time is not impacted by the selection of Rolling Shutter or
Global Shutter mode.
The KAC−12040 architecture always outputs two rows at
once, one row from the top ADC, and one from the bottom
ADC. Each ADC then divides up the pixel into 1 → 4
parallel pixel output LVDS Banks. The default is 4 output
banks per ADC for a total of 8 parallel pixel outputs to
minimize the LVDS data output time. Since the sensor
always outputs 2 rows at a time the timing and registers are
based on a Line Time (LT) or Line Length (LL) where one
LT = the time to readout 2 rows in parallel (one even row and
one odd row).
Line
10 bit ADC n+1
Wait
Pixel n+1
4.30 ms
4.36 ms
8 Bank LVDS Output n
LVDS Clock = 160 MHz
8.44 ms
Line n Time = Line Length Register (0201h) = 1400
8.75 ms
Figure 14. Default Line Time (Dual-Scan) with PLL2 = 320 MHz
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18
KAC−12040
Frame Time
By default the Integration Phase overlaps the Readout and
Frame Wait Phases. If the Integration Phase is larger than the
Readout + Frame Wait time, then the Integration Phase will
determine the video frame rate. Otherwise the frame rate
will be set by the Readout + Frame Wait time. In other words,
if the programmed integration time is larger than the
minimum readout time (and vertical blanking) then extra
vertical blanking will be added and the frame rate will slow
to accommodate the requested integration time.
The frame time is defined in units of Line Time. 1 Line
Time unit = 2 output rows. To first-order the frame rate is not
directly impacted by selection of Global Shutter, Rolling
Shutter, Dual-Scan, or Tri-Scan.
The Frame Time is made up of three phases:
1. Integration Phase
2. Readout Phase
3. Frame Wait Phase (Vertical Blanking, V
)
BLANK
8.34 ms by Default (952 Line Times)
Integration Phase Frame m
Integration Phase Frame m+1
Integration Phase Frame m+2
Frame
Readout Phase Frame m
Wait
Frame
Wait
Readout Phase Frame m+1
13.79 ms by Default
(1576 Line Times)
Single Frame of Video Overhead
13.80 ms by Default
~0.01 ms
(1 Line Time)
Video Frame Time = Readout + Wait
Figure 15. Default Frame Time Configuration (Frame A)
If the Integration Phase is less than the Readout Phase then
the start of integration is automatically delayed to minimize
the storage time and dark current.
Integration Phase Frame m
Integration Phase Frame m+1
Integration Phase Frame m+2
Frame
Wait
Frame
Wait
Readout Phase Frame m
Readout Phase Frame m+1
Video Frame Time = Integration Time
Figure 16. Frame Time with Extended Integration Time
If the Readout Phase (+ V
) is less than the
See the KAC−12040 User Guide for detailed calculation
of the Integration Phase, Readout Phase, and Frame Wait.
To first-order the Readout Phase is equal to the number of
rows ⋅ row_time.
BLANKING
Integration Phase, then the readout occurs as soon the
integration is complete to minimize the storage time and
dark current.
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19
KAC−12040
Global Shutter Readout
Global Shutter readout provides the maximum precision
for freezing scene motion. Any motion artifacts will be
100% defined by an ideal integration time edge. Every pixel
in the array starts and stops integration at the same time.
Figure 17 illustrates a Global Shutter Frame readout
assuming the recommended Start-up Script defined in the
KAC−12040 User Guide (8 LVDS banks, Dual-Scan,
8.75 ms line time). The Frame Wait Phase is not shown due
to its small default size (1 LL) and for clarity.
Global Shutter readout mode is selected using Bits [1:0]
of Register 01D1h.
Images can be initiated by setting and holding the
TRIGGER input pin or by placing the sensor into
RUNNING mode by writing 03d to register 4019h. If the
TRIGGER input pin is true when at the start of the
integration time for the next frame then the sensor will
complete an additional frame integration and readout. In the
case shown in Figure 17 two frames will be output.
Integration of Next Frame Overlaps
Readout of Previous Frame
Integration Time = 8.33 ms
Frame Readout = 13.80 ms
Time/Col Address Axis
Effective Frame Time (Video) = Readout Time
Trigger Pin: True = 2.0 V
Figure 17. Illustration of Frame Time for Global Shutter Readout
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20
KAC−12040
Rolling Shutter Readout
The KAC−12040 high speed Rolling Shutter readout
provides the maximum dynamic range while still providing
excellent motion capture. In Rolling Shutter the readout
more closely matches a film camera shutter. Each row of the
image receives the same integration time, but each row starts
and ends at a different time as the shutter travels from the top
of the array to the bottom. In the Figure 18 frame time
illustration this ‘moving shutter’ displays as a sloped edge
for the blue pixel array region, just as the readout edge is
sloped.
The Figure 18 illustration shows a 2 frame output
sequence using the external TRIGGER pin.
Integration of Next Frame Overlaps
Readout of Previous Frame
Integration Time = 8.33 ms
Frame Readout = 13.80 ms
Time/Col Address Axis
Effective Frame Time (Video) = Readout Time
Trigger Pin: True = 2.0 V
Figure 18. Illustration of Frame Time for Rolling Shutter Readout
Rolling Readout mode can be selected using Bits [1:0] of
Register 01D1h.
Images can be initiated by setting and holding the
TRIGGER input pin or by placing the sensor into
RUNNING mode by writing 03d to register 4019h. If the
TRIGGER input pin is True when at the start of the
integration time for the next frame then the sensor will
complete an additional frame integration and readout.
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21
KAC−12040
8 BANK LVDS DATA READOUT
LVDS Banks
The KAC−12040 provides 8 parallel pixel banks, each
consisting of 8 LVDS differential pairs (7 data pairs + 1clock
pair). This allows the output of 8 pixels per LVDS clock
period. All 7 data pairs, of each bank, are used only in 14 bit
operation mode. By default only 5 data pairs are used for
10 bit mode (D4 → D0). The unused pairs are held in
low-power high impedance mode.
Bank 3
Bank 5
Bank 7
Bank 3
Bank 5
Bank 7
Bank 3
Bank 5
Bank 7
Pixel Array
Pixel Array
Pixel Array
2 Bank Mode
4 Bank Mode
8 Bank Mode
Bank 2
Bank 4
Bank 6
Bank 2
Bank 4
Bank 6
Bank 2
Bank 4
Bank 6
Figure 19. LVDS Bank Labeling
The number of output banks used is independent of the
ADC bit depth chosen. By default the KAC−12040 uses all
8 output banks for maximum frame rate. If technical
restrictions prevent the use of 8 LVDS banks, the sensor can
be programmed to use 4 or 2 banks, however this can result
in reduced frame rate and reduction of image quality. It is
recommended that 8 banks be used when possible. Only the
8 bank option is discussed in detail in this specification, see
the KAC−12040 User Guide for additional detail on 4 and 2
bank mode.
In order to minimize the LVDS clock rate (and power) for
a given data rate the pixels are output in DDR (Double Data
Rate) where the MSB is always sent first (on rising edge) and
the LSB second (falling edge) This is not programmable.
Ports per LVDS Bank
The MSB comes out first on the falling edge, followed by
the LSB on the net rising edge.
Table 13. NUMBER OF LVDS PAIRS (PORTS) USED VS. BIT DEPTH
Bit Depth
Edge of DATA CLK
Falling (MSB Nibble)
Rising (LSB Nibble)
Falling (MSB Nibble)
Rising (LSB Nibble)
Falling (MSB Nibble)
Rising (LSB Nibble)
Falling (MSB Nibble)
Rising (LSB Nibble)
Data0
D7
Data1
D8
Data2
D9
Data3
D10
D3
Data4
D11
D4
Data5
D12
D5
Data6
D13
D6
14 bits
D0
D1
D2
12 bits
10 bits
8 bits
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D4
D11
D5
HiZ
HiZ
HiZ
HiZ
HiZ
HiZ
D0
D1
D2
D3
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
HiZ
HiZ
HiZ
HiZ
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D4
D5
D6
D7
HiZ
HiZ
D0
D1
D2
D3
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22
KAC−12040
8 Bank Pixel Order
The KAC−12040 always processes two rows at a time.
Even row decodes are sent to the bottom ADC and LVDS
output banks (0, 2, 4, 6). Odd rows are sent to the top ADC
and LVDS banks (1, 3, 5, 7). The ROI must be (and is
internally forced to) an even size and always starting on an
even row decode.
The rows are read out progressively left to right (small
column address to large). Eight pixels are sent out of the chip
at once, one pixel per LVDS bank per LVDS clock cycle.
Pixel Readout order:
4. Each LVDS Bank outputs one pixel per clock
cycle, so 4 pixels of each row are output each full
LVDS clock cycle, two rows in parallel for
8 pixels per clock cycle total.
5. The pixels are sent out from left to right
(low column number to high column number).
So the first 4 pixels are sent out on clock cycle 1,
and the next 4 pixels to the right are sent out on
clock cycle 2.
6. To conserve the number of wires per port,
the 10 bits per pixel are sent out DDR (Dual Data
Rate) over 5 ports. On the falling edge the upper
5 MSB bits are sent out, and on the rising edge the
lower 5 bits LSB are sent out. Completing one full
LVDS clock cycle and one set of eight pixels.
1. Two rows are selected, the even row is sent to
the bottom ADC and the odd row to the top ADC.
2. Each ADC converts its row of pixel data at once
and stores the result in a line buffer.
3. At default settings there are 4 output LVDS banks
for each ADC.
Bank 3
Bank 5
Bank 7
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
6
7
7
Row 2n +1
Row 2n
5
Bank 2
Bank 4
Bank 6
First CLK−DATA
Pulse
Second CLK−DATA
Pulse
Figure 20. Pixel Readout Order Diagram
Table 14. PIXEL READOUT ORDER TABLE
LVDS Bank
Bank 0
Bank 2
Bank 4
Bank 6
Bank 1
Bank 3
Bank 5
Bank 7
Row
Pixel Number
2n (Even)
2n (Even)
2n (Even)
2n (Even)
2n+1 (Odd)
2n+1 (Odd)
2n+1 (Odd)
2n+1 (Odd)
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
1
4
5
6
7
4
5
6
7
2
8
9
12
13
14
15
12
13
14
15
4
16
17
18
19
16
17
18
19
5
10
11
8
9
10
11
3
LVDS Clock Cycle
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23
KAC−12040
De-Serializer Settings
Figure 21 shows the data stream of one LVDS bank for
10 bit resolution.
Data serialization is fixed at 2 cycle DDR for all bit depths.
Data output order is MSB first on the falling edge, and LSB
following on the rising edge.
The SOL/SOF synchronization words are sent out of each
LVDS bank before the first valid pixel data from that bank.
Each bank outputs all 4 syncs of the SOF or SOL.
And each of the active LVDS banks each output all 4 sync
codes for the EOL/EOF.
Four pixel values per synchronization word are embedded
into the video stream per LVDS bank.
Dclk0
Data0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0
Data1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1
Data2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2
Data3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3
Data4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4
MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB
D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0 D5 D0
D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1 D6 D1
D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2 D7 D2
D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3 D8 D3
D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4 D9 D4
MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB
SW1
SW2
SW3
SW4
P0
P1
P2
P3
PN−1
PN
SW1
SW2
SW3
SW4
t
Synchronized Word on 10 bits
Data on 10 bits
Synchronized Word on 10 bits
Figure 21. Data Stream of One LVDS Bank for 10 bits ADC Resolution
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24
KAC−12040
REGISTER DEFINITION
Table 15. REGISTER DEFINITION
16 bit
Default Value
Write Address (Hex)
Hex/Dec
420d
2176d
80d
3856d
0d
SPI State
Group
Register Name
Frame A ROI y1
0001
0009
0011
0019
0021
0029
0031
0039
0041
0049
0051
0059
0061
0069
0071
0079
0081
0089
0091
0099
00A1
00A9
00E9
00F1
00F9
0101
0109
0111
0119
0121
0129
0131
0139
0141
0149
0151
0159
0161
0169
0171
0179
0181
0189
0191
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame A Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame B Definition
Frame A ROI h1
Frame A ROI x1
Frame A ROI w1
Frame A sub-ROI y2
Frame A sub-ROI h2
Frame A sub-ROI x2
Frame A sub-ROI w2
Frame A sub-ROI y3
Frame A sub-ROI h3
Frame A sub-ROI x3
Frame A sub-ROI w3
Frame A sub-ROI y4
Frame A sub-ROI h4
Frame A sub-ROI x4
Frame A sub-ROI w4
Frame A Decimation
Frame A Video Blanking
Frame A Integration Lines
Frame A Integration Clocks
Frame A Black Level
Frame A Gain
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0033d
0d
800d
0d
10d
001Fh
0d
Frame B ROI y1
3016d
0d
Frame B ROI h1
Frame B ROI x1
4016d
0d
Frame B ROI w1
Frame B sub-ROI y2
Frame B sub-ROI h2
Frame B sub-ROI x2
Frame B sub-ROI w2
Frame B sub-ROI y3
Frame B sub-ROI h3
Frame B sub-ROI x3
Frame B sub-ROI w3
Frame B sub-ROI y4
Frame B sub-ROI h4
Frame B sub-ROI x4
Frame B sub-ROI w4
Frame B Decimation
Frame B Video Blanking
Frame B Integration Lines
Frame B Integration Clocks
Frame B Black Level
Frame B Gain
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
0d
033h
0d
800d
0d
10d
001Fh
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25
KAC−12040
Table 15. REGISTER DEFINITION (continued)
16 bit
Write Address (Hex)
Default Value
Hex/Dec
SPI State
CONFIG Only
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
Any
Description
Config1
01D1
01D9
01E1
01E9
01F1
01F9
0201
0209
0211
0219
0709
0711
0719
2059
2099
20A1
2449
2479
2481
2499
24A1
24B9
24C1
24C9
24D1
24D9
24E1
24E9
24F1
24F9
2501
2559
2561
25C1
25C9
2619
2D89
4001
4009
4011
4019
4021
CC11h
0000h
000Ah
0000h
0d
Config2
Analog/Digital Power Mode
Dual-Video Repetition
Vertical Blanking
Fixed Frame Period
Line Length (LL)
ADC Bit Depth
1938d
1376d
0028h
0000h
0000h
0000h
0000h
0000h
0300h
2877h
0861h
0432h
10ABh
20C7h
0011h
0220h
202d
FLO Edge
MSO Edge
CFA Feedback
Any
Temperature Sensor FB
General Feedback
Output Bank Select 1
PLL1 Setting
Any
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
Any
PLL2 Setting
Sub-LVDS Enable
Column Clamp Threshold A
Column Clamp Threshold B
Test Pattern Control 1
Test Pattern Control 2
Slope 1 Length
Any
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
Any
101d
Slope 2 Length
101d
Slope 3 Length
101d
Slope 4 Length
101d
Slope 5 Length
420d
Slope 6 Length
0083g
038Fh
0FBFh
1F9Fh
4804h
0006h
0003h
000Ah
000Bh
0000h
4100h
0011h
0080h
0000h
0000h
Slope 1/2 Gain
Slope 3/4 Gain
Slope 5/6 Gain
Slope 7 Gain
Defect Avoidance Threshold
Defect Avoidance Enable
Encoded Sync Config
LVDS Power-Down
Output Bank Select 2
FLO/MSO Polarity
Chip Revision Code
Chip ID Code MSB
Chip ID Code LSB
Set Sensor State
OTP Address
Any
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
CONFIG Only
Any
Any
Any
Any
CONFIG or IDLE
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KAC−12040
Table 15. REGISTER DEFINITION (continued)
16 bit
Write Address (Hex)
Default Value
Hex/Dec
SPI State
Description
OTP Write Data
Command_Done_FB
OTP Read Data
Soft Reset
4029
4031
4041
4061
0000h
0000h
0000h
0000h
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
CONFIG or IDLE
NOTES: SPI State (the Sensor State from which the register can be set):
1. “Any”: Can be written from any state (including RUNNING).
2. “CONFIG or IDLE”: These registers can be changed in IDLE or CONFIG states.
3. “CONFIG Only”: Sensor must be in CONFIG state to set these registers.
4. Only Register 4018h and 4060h may be set when the sensor is in STANDBY state.
NOTES: Decimal, hexadecimal, binary values:
1. “b” denotes a binary number, a series of bits: MSB is on the left, LSB is on the right.
2. “h” or “hex” denotes a hexadecimal number (Base 16, 1−9, A−F). The letters in a hex number are always capitalized.
3. “d” denotes a decimal number.
4. Note that “0” and “1” are the same value in all number base systems and sometimes the base notation is omitted.
The KAC−12040 features an embedded microprocessor by Cortus.
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27
KAC−12040
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
For Supplies and Inputs the maximum rating is defined as
a level or condition that should not be exceeded at any time.
If the level or the condition is exceeded, the device will be
degraded and may be damaged. Operation at these values
will reduce Mean Time to Failure (MTTF).
Table 16. SUPPLIES
Description
Value
−0.25 V; 2.3 V
AVDD_LV, VDD_DIG
AVDD_HV, Vref_P, VDD_LVDS
DC Input Voltage at Any Input Pin
−0.25 V; 4 V
−0.25 V; VDD_DIG + 0.25 V
Table 17. CMOS INPUTS
Parameter
Input Voltage Low Level
Input Voltage High Level
Symbol
Minimum
−0.3
Typical
Maximum
Unit
V
V
IL
−
−
0.35 VDD_DIG
VDD_DIG + 0.3
V
IH
0.65 VDD_DIG
V
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28
KAC−12040
OPERATING RATINGS
Table 18. INPUT CLOCK CONDITIONS
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
MHz
%
Frequency for Clk_In1 and Clk_In2
Duty Cycle for Clk_In1 and Clk_In2
RESETN
45
40
10
20
48
50
−
50
60
−
ns
TRIGGER Pin Minimum Pulse Width
−
−
ns
TRIGGER must be active at least 4 periods of PLL1 (~12.5 ns at 320 MHz) to start a capture cycle. The polarity of the active
level is configurable by SPI (Register 01D8h Bit 0), the default is active high (i.e. pin = VDD_DIG = trigger request).
Table 19. OPERATING TEMPERATURE
Description
Symbol
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
Operating Temperature (Note 1)
T
OP
−40
80
°C
1. Under conditions of no condensation on the sensor.
Table 20. CMOS IN/OUT CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Output Voltage Low Level
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
V
OL
−
−
−
0.45
−
V
V
Output Voltage High Level
V
OH
VDD_DIG − 0.45
Input Hysteresis Voltage
V
R
R
−
62
100
−
0.25
−
−
TH
PU
PD
Pull-up Resistor Value for RESETN Pin
Pull-down Resistor Value for TRIGGER Pin
Current on ADC_REF Pin
−
kW
kW
mA
−
−
I
100
−
ADC_REF
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29
KAC−12040
Table 21. SUPPLIES
Parameter
Symbol
VDD_LVDS
AVDD_HV
Vref_P
Minimum
3.15
3.40
2.71
1.71
1.90
−
Typical
3.30
3.50
2.80
1.80
2.00
0.5
Maximum
3.63
3.60
2.88
1.89
2.10
−
Unit
V
LVDS IO Supply
Pixel High Voltage Supply
Pixel Low Voltage Supply
Analog Power Supply
Digital Power Supply
AVDD_HV − Vref_P
V
V
AVDD_LV
VDD_DIG
V
V
V
Power in STANDBY State
−
10
−
mW
mA
Current in STANDBY State
VDD_LVDS
AVDD_HV
AVDD_LV
Vref_P
−
−
−
−
−
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
4
−
−
−
−
−
VDD_DIG
Power in CONFIG State
−
330
−
mW
mA
Current in CONFIG State
VDD_LVDS
AVDD_HV
AVDD_LV
Vref_P
−
−
−
−
−
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
145
−
−
−
−
−
VDD_DIG
Power in IDLE State
−
410
−
mW
mA
Current in IDLE State
VDD_LVDS
AVDD_HV
AVDD_LV
Vref_P
−
−
−
−
−
< 0.5
20
< 0.5
< 0.5
145
−
−
−
−
−
VDD_DIG
Power in RUNNING State
−
1.5
−
W
Current in RUNNING State
VDD_LVDS in Standard LVDS Mode
VDD_LVDS in Sub-LVDS Mode
AVDD_HV
AVDD_LV
Vref_P
mA
−
−
−
−
−
164
104
74
12
26
−
−
−
−
−
VDD_DIG
396
1. Voltages relative to VSS. Current measurements made in darkness.
2. PLL2 = 320 MHz, Max frame rate (i.e., no row or frame wait time). These average power values will decrease at lower frame rate either from
reduced PLL2 or low power state during Line and Frame blanking.
3. Sub-LVDS active.
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30
KAC−12040
SPI (SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE)
The SPI communication interface lets the application
system to control and configure the sensor. The sensor has
an embedded slave SPI interface. The application system is
the master of the SPI bus.
Table 22.
Sensor I/O
Direction
Name
Description
CSN
I
I
SPI Chip Select − Active low, this input activates the slave interface in the sensor.
SCK
SPI Clock − Toggled by the master.
MISO
MOSI
O
I
SPI Master Serial Data Input − Slave (sensor) serial data output.
SPI Master Serial Data Output − Slave (sensor) serial data input.
Table 23.
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
25
Maximum
Unit
MHz
%
SPI SCK
5
50
60
Duty Cycle on SPI SCK
40
50
Clock Polarity and Phase
CPOL (Clock POLarity) and CPHA (Clock PHAse) are
commonly defined in SPI protocol such as to define SCK
clock phase and polarity. The KAC−12040 defaults to
expecting the master to be configured with CPOL = 1
(the base value of the clock is VDD_DIG) and CPHA = 1
(data is valid on the clock rising edge).
CSN
SCK
…
…
…
MOSI
MISO
X
X
X
…
X
Figure 22. CPOL = 1 and CPHA = 1 Configuration
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31
KAC−12040
SPI Protocol
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
CSN
Sclk
8 Cycles 8 Cycles 8 Cycles 8 Cycles
16 Bit
Address Word
16 Bit
Data to Write
MOSI
MSB
LSB
MSB
LSB
Figure 23. SPI Write Byte Order
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
CSN
Sclk
8 Cycles 8 Cycles
8 Cycles
8 Cycles
16 Bit
Address Word
MOSI
MISO
MSB
LSB
16 Bit
Data to Write
Wait Time
1.5 ms
MSB
LSB
Figure 24. SPI Read Byte Order
There is a delay during readback between presenting the
address to be read on the MOSI and being able to read the
register contents on the MISO. This delay is not the same for
all registers. Some are available immediately, some require
a longer fetch time. The 1.5 ms shown in Figure 15 is the
maximum time to fetch a register’s value when in CONFIG
state (the recommended state for changing registers). Some
registers can be adjusted during RUNNING state (see the
Register Summary on page 25). If performing a readback
during RUNNING state, the delay could be as long as 4.5 ms
depending on when in the row the request was sent and the
sensor’s microcontroller activity at that moment.
new register writes are placed in a shadow memory until
they can be updated into the active memory. This active
memory update occurs at the start of the next frame or upon
entering the state listed in the Register Summary table on
page 25. Register reads access this shadow memory not the
active memory. For instance if the sensor is in RUNNING
mode and you adjust the LL in register 200h. You can read
back and confirm that your register change was received by
the sensor; however, the LL will not change since register
200h can only be changed in CONFIG state. If you change
the sensor state to CONFIG and then back to RUNNING,
then the new LL will take effect.
Note that readback does not provide the actual register
value being used, but reflects the next value to be used. All
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32
KAC−12040
SPI Interface
…
CS
T
CS_HOLD
T
T
CYCLE
CS_SETUP
…
SCK
T
T
HOLD
SETUP
X
MSB
MOSI
T
T
OUT_DELAY
OUT_DELAY_CSN
MISO
MSB
MSB−1
Figure 25. SPI Timing Chronogram
Table 24. SPI TIMING SPECIFICATION
Symbol
Minimum Value
Maximum Value
Unit
ns
T
T
20
−
200
2.9
−
CYCLE
ns
SETUP
T
0.8
−
ns
HOLD
CS_SETUP
T
2.5
−
ns
T
0.1
3.1
4.9
ns
CS_HOLD
OUT_DELAY_CSN
T
4.7
8.7
ns
T
ns
OUT_DELAY
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33
KAC−12040
LVDS INTERFACE
The data output can be configured to follow standard
TIA/EIA−644−A LVDS specification or a low power mode
compatible with common Sub-LVDS definition used in
FPGA industry. (Please refer to the KAC−12040 User Guide
for more information).
Unless otherwise noted, min/max characteristics are for
T = −40°C to +85°C, output termination resistance
RL = 100 W 1%, Typical values are at VDD_LVDS =
3.3 V.
Use register 2449h to select standard or Sub-LVDS. This
document assumes that Sub-LVDS is active for all power
measurements. Standard LVDS can increase the average
power consumption as much as 200 mW in the case of
minimum horizontal and vertical blanking.
Table 25. STANDARD LVDS CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Symbol
VOD
Minimum
250
Typical
Maximum
Unit
mV
mV
V
Differential Output Voltage
355
450
20
VOD Variation between Complementary Output States
Common Mode Output Voltage
DVOD
VOCM
DVOCM
IOZD
−20
−
1.259
−
1.235
−25
1.275
25
VOCM Variation between Complementary Output States
High Impedance Leakage Current
mV
mA
−1
−
1
Output Short Circuit Current:
When D+ or D− Connected to Ground
When D+ or D− Connected to 3.3 V
IOSD
mA
2.9
12.25
−
−
4.3
30.47
Output Capacitance
CDO
−
−
1.3
−
−
pF
pF
Maximum Transmission Capacitance Load Expected
(for 260 MHz LVDS Clock)
10
Table 26. SUB-LVDS CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Symbol
Minimum
140
Typical
Maximum
Unit
mV
mV
V
Differential Output Voltage
V
OD
180
−
220
5
VOD Variation between Complementary Output States
Common Mode Output Voltage
DV
−5
OD
V
OCM
0.88
−10
0.90
−
0.92
10
1
VOCM Variation between Complementary Output States
High Impedance Leakage Current
DV
mV
mA
OCM
I
−1
−
OZD
Output Short Circuit Current:
When D+ or D− Connected to Ground
When D+ or D− Connected to 3.3 V
I
mA
OSD
1.4
10.21
−
−
2.2
30.47
Output Capacitance
C
−
−
1.3
−
−
pF
pF
DO
Maximum Transmission Capacitance Load Expected
(for 260 MHz LVDS Clock)
10
Table 27.
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
160
Maximum
Unit
MHz
%
LVDS_CLK
50
−
160
−
Duty Cycle on LVDS_CLK
50
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34
KAC−12040
In-Block LVDS Timing Specification
The tables below give LVDS timing specifications for no
data de-skew applied and with data de-skewing applied.
Ideal Sample Times = Center of Data
Data
A
A
C
C
A
A
Clock
B
B
B
B
Figure 26. LVDS Timing Chronogram
Table 28. IN-BLOCK LVDS TIMING SPECIFICATION (Data Transition Uncertainty − No De-Skew Applied)
Parameter
Value
360 ps
Description
A
B
C
Max Data Transition Uncertainty (Skew + Jitter)
1/4 LVDS Clock Period = 1/2 PLL2 Period
Minimum Receiver Setup/Hold Time Sample Window
LVDS Clock Period/4
C = B − A
KAC−12040 Example at Maximum PLL2 Speed
(320 MHz):
If the sampling window is too small the PLL2 can be
reduced to increase the window (parameter C).
Alternatively, the majority of the transition uncertainty is
potential skew between the 7 data lines. Using de-skewing
can remove 350 ps from the uncertainty window.
LVDS Clock Frequency = PLL2/2 = 160 MHz
LVDS Clock Period = 6250 ps
B = LVDS Clock Period/4 = 1563 ps
C = B – A = 1563 – 360 = 1203 ps
Table 29. IN-BLOCK LVDS TIMING SPECIFICATION (Data Transition Uncertainty − Data De-Skewing Applied)
Parameter
Value
10 ps
Description
A
B
C
Max Data Transition Uncertainty (Jitter)
1/4 LVDS Clock Period = 1/2 PLL2 Period
Minimum Receiver Setup/Hold Time Sample Window
LVDS Clock Period/4
C = B − A
KAC−12040 Example at Maximum PLL2 Speed
(320 MHz):
LVDS Clock Frequency = PLL2/2 = 160 MHz
LVDS Clock Period = 6250 ps
B = LVDS Clock Period/4 = 1563 ps
C = B – A = 1563 – 10 = 1553 ps
Table 30. INTER-BLOCK LVDS TIMING SPECIFICATION
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
Inter-Block Skew
−
6
12
LVDS Clock Period
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35
KAC−12040
STORAGE AND HANDLING
Table 31. STORAGE CONDITIONS
Description
Storage Temperature
Humidity
Symbol
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
°C
Notes
T
ST
−40
5
80
90
1
2
RH
%
1. Long-term storage toward the maximum temperature will accelerate color filter degradation.
2. T = 25°C. Excessive humidity will degrade MTTF.
For information on ESD and cover glass care and
cleanliness, please download the Image Sensor Handling
and Best Practices Application Note (AN52561/D) from
www.onsemi.com.
For quality and reliability information, please download
the Quality & Reliability Handbook (HBD851/D) from
www.onsemi.com.
For information on device numbering and ordering codes,
please download the Device Nomenclature technical note
(TND310/D) from www.onsemi.com.
For information on soldering recommendations, please
download the Soldering and Mounting Techniques
Reference
www.onsemi.com.
Manual
(SOLDERRM/D)
from
For information on Standard terms and Conditions of
Sale, please download Terms and Conditions from
www.onsemi.com.
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36
KAC−12040
MECHANICAL INFORMATION
Completed Assembly
Notes:
1. See Ordering Information for marking code.
2. No materials to interfere with clearance through package holes.
3. Imaging Array is centered at the package center.
4. Length dimensions in mm units.
Figure 27. Completed Assembly (1 of 5)
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37
KAC−12040
Figure 28. Completed Assembly (2 of 5)
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38
KAC−12040
Figure 29. Completed Assembly (3 of 5)
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39
KAC−12040
Figure 30. Completed Assembly (4 of 5)
Figure 31. Completed Assembly (5 of 5)
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40
KAC−12040
MAR (Multi-Layer Anti-Reflective Coating) Cover Glass
Notes:
1. Units: IN [MM]
2. A-Zone Dust/Scratch Spec: 10 mm Maximum
3. Index of Refraction: 1.5231
Figure 32. MAR Cover Glass Specification
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