R8C-MS [RENESAS]
Sample Program: Musical Scales; 示例程序：音阶
| 型号： | R8C-MS |
| 厂家： | 
RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORP |
| 描述： | Sample Program: Musical Scales |
| 文件： | 总22页 (文件大小：117K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
APPLICATION NOTE
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
1. Abstract
The musical-scale sample program uses the following functions:
• Timer X (timer mode)
• Timer Z (programmable waveform generation mode)
• A-D converter (repeat mode)
2. Introduction
The example described in this application note is intended for use in the R8C/17 group of
microcomputers.
This program can also be used when operating other microcomputers within the R8C/Tiny, provided
they have the same SFR (Special Function Registers) as the R8C/17 microcomputers. However, since
it is possible that some functions of the R8C/Tiny series will have been altered for functional
enhancements, etc., please be sure to obtain the SFR header file from the Renesas Web site shown
below.
http://www.renesas.com/en/r8ctiny
Operation (1) The musical-scale sample program has the following two separate modes:
• Standby mode
• Musical scale output mode
SW4(INT0)
Key pressed
Musical scale output mode
Standby mode
After reset
(2) After reset, the microcomputer goes to standby mode.
(3) If SW4 (INT0) is pressed during standby mode, the microcomputer goes to musical scale
output mode.
(4) If SW4 (INT0) is pressed during musical scale output mode, the microcomputer goes to
standby mode.
(5) In musical scale output mode, the microcomputer outputs the tones of a diatonic scale
repeatedly from the buzzer in order of lower-key do → re → mi → fa → sol → la → si →
higher-key do → no sound (500 ms) → higher-key do → si → la → sol → fa → mi → re →
lower-key do → no sound (500 ms) → lower-key do → re → mi and so on.
(6) Tones of a diatonic scale are changed every second. The frequencies (Hz) of tones are
listed in Table 1.
Table 1:
Lower-key
do (C)
Higher-key
do (C)
Scale
re (D)
mi (E)
fa (F)
sol (G)
la (A)
si (B)
523.25
587.32
659.25
698.45
783.98
880.00
987.76
1046.50
Frequency (Hz)
(7) The buzzer output duty cycle is determined based on the A-D value that is obtained as
valid data as described below in (9). The output sound volume changes as does the duty
cycle. The duty cycles are listed in Table 2.
Table 2:
00-1F 20-3F
25.00 33.75
40-5F
42.50
60-7F
50.00
80-9F
56.25
A0-BF
62.50
C0-DF
68.75
E0-FF
75.00
Valid A-D value
Duty cycle (%)
(8) The analog input is converted to digital quantity by using a control (VR1). The A-D
input is taken into the device in repeat mode, with the P10/AN8 pin used for it.
(9) For the A-D input, the A-D converted value on P10/AN8 is sampled four times at 10 ms
intervals, the average value of which is obtained as valid data. The calculation method
is shown below.
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R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
1. Each sampled A-D value is added to the A-D work area.
2. When sampled four times, the value in the A-D work area has its 2 low-order bits
masked with 0.
3. The 8 high-order bits of the value in the A-D work area is made the average value.
(10) Key input is sampled at 10 ms intervals, and is confirmed to have been entered when
sampled low three times consecutively. (Chattering elimination)
(11) The key input SW4 (INT0) is active-low. (When low, the key is pressed; when high, not
pressed.)
(12) The LED indications during standby mode and musical scale output mode are listed in
Table 3.
Table 3:
LED1 (red)
LED2 (green)
LED3 (green)
LED4 (green)
During standby mode
During musical scale
output mode
On
Off
Off
Off
Off
On
Off
On
(13) The buzzer on/off signal is output from P13 (TZOUT) using timer-Z programmable
waveform mode.
(14) The timer Z register settings used for the buzzer output are listed in Tables 4.1 and 4.2.
(The set values in Tables 4.1 and 4.2 are set to be close to those in Tables 1 and 2.)
Table 4.1:
Scale
Prescaler Set time
Timer total
(tzpr + tzsc)
Output time (ms)
(tzpr + tzsc)
Output
frequency (Hz)
value
(µs)
Lower-key do (C)
re (D)
mi (E)
fa (F)
sol (G)
60
53
47
45
40
36
32
30
24
21.2
18.8
18
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
1.92 520.8333
1.696
1.504
1.44
589.6226
664.8936
694.4444
781.2500
868.0556
976.5625
1041.6667
16
1.28
la (A)
si (B)
14.4
12.8
12
1.152
1.024
0.96
Higher-key do (C)
Table 4.2:
00-
1F
20
60
20-
40-
60-
7F
40
40
80-
9F
45
35
A0-
BF
50
30
C0-
DF
55
25
E0-
FF
60
20
Timer Z value/
A-D value range
Primary (tzpr)
Secondary (tzsc)
3F
27
53
5F
34
46
00-
1F
20-
3F
40-
5F
60-
7F
80-
9F
A0-
BF
C0-
DF
1.320
E0-
FF
Scale/A-D value range/
output time ms
tzpr
tzsc
tzpr
tzsc
tzpr
tzsc
tzpr
tzsc
tzpr
tzsc
tzpr
tzsc
tzpr
tzsc
tzpr
tzsc
0.480
1.440
0.424
1.272
0.376
1.128
0.360
1.080
0.320
0.960
0.288
0.864
0.256
0.768
0.240
0.720
0.648
1.272
0.572
1.124
0.508
0.996
0.486
0.954
0.432
0.848
0.389
0.763
0.346
0.678
0.324
0.636
0.816
1.104
0.721
0.975
0.639
0.865
0.612
0.828
0.544
0.736
0.490
0.662
0.435
0.589
0.408
0.552
0.960
0.960
0.848
0.848
0.752
0.752
0.720
0.720
0.640
0.640
0.576
0.576
0.512
0.512
0.480
0.480
1.080
0.840
0.954
0.742
0.846
0.658
0.810
0.630
0.720
0.560
0.648
0.504
0.576
0.448
0.540
0.420
1.200
1.440
Lower-key do (C)
Prescaler 48
re (D)
0.720
1.060
0.636
0.940
0.564
0.900
0.540
0.800
0.480
0.720
0.432
0.640
0.384
0.600
0.360
0.600
1.166
0.530
1.034
0.470
0.990
0.450
0.880
0.400
0.792
0.360
0.704
0.320
0.660
0.300
0.480
1.272
0.424
1.128
0.376
1.080
0.360
0.960
0.320
0.864
0.288
0.768
0.256
0.720
0.240
Prescaler 43
mi (E)
Prescaler 38
fa (F)
Prescaler 36
sol (G)
Prescaler 32
la (A)
Prescaler 28
si (B)
Prescaler 25
Higher-key do (C)
Prescaler 24
(15) If the A-D value range varies during musical scale output, the registers are set up
newly again according to the new A-D value range.
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
3. About the Program
3.1 Timer X (Timer Mode)
The timer X (timer mode) is used to maintain a constant main loop period.
The set value of the timer X is shown below.
100 µs
Timer X
Prescaler X
1/8
20MHz
Main loop, 10 ms
Set value = (100 – 1)
Set value = (250 – 1)
Settings of the Timer X Mode Register
b7
b0
Timer X Mode Register [address 008B16] TXMR
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Selects timer mode
INT1/CNTR0 polarity select bit
Timer X count start flag
Set to “0” in timer mode.
Set to “1” when count starts
Other than pulse period measurement mode
Set to “0” in timer mode.
Settings of the Timer Count Source Setup Register
b7
b0
Timer Count Source Setup Register [address 008E16] TCSS
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Timer X count source Set 01: 1/8
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Timer Z count source
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
When the respective registers are set up as shown above, the timer X interrupt request bit is
cyclically set at 10 ms intervals.
Before the main processing, the program checks the timer X interrupt request bit to see if 10 ms has
elapsed.
If 10 ms has elapsed, the program clears the timer X interrupt request bit and executes the main
processing.
If 10 ms has not elapsed yet, the program waits until the timer X interrupt request bit is set.
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R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
3.2 Timer Z (Programmable Waveform Generation Mode)
The timer Z (programmable waveform generation mode) is used to sound a buzzer.
Musical scale output is accomplished by setting up the registers as shown below. The output level is
set by using the timer Z output level latch (TZOPL) in the Timer Z Waveform Output Control Register
(PUM). Setting the timer Z output level latch (TZOPL) to 0 causes the device to output a high during
the primary period, a low during the secondary period, and a low when the timer is inactive.
Settings of the Timer Z Waveform Output Control Register
b7
b0
Timer Z Waveform Output Control Register [address 008416] PUM
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Timer Z output level latch
High during primary period, low during secondary period,
and low when the timer is inactive
INT0 pin one-shot trigger control bit
INT0 pin one-shot trigger polarity select bit
When the timer Z starts counting, the device outputs a high during the primary period and a low
during the secondary period from P13 (TZOUT), and when the timer Z stops counting, the device
outputs a low.
The timer Z set values are shown below.
See Table 4
Timer Z primary
Prescaler Z
Buzzer output =
high, see Table 4
1/8
20MHz
Set value = see Table 4
Set value = see Table 4
Timer Z secondary
Buzzer output =
low, see Table 4
Set value = see Table 4
* The prescaler value, timer Z primary value, and timer Z secondary value are changed depending on tones of a diatonic
scale. Please see Table 4.
Settings of the Timer Count Source Setup Register
b7
b0
Timer Count Source Setup Register [address 008E16] TCSS
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Timer X count source Set 01: 1/8
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Timer Z count source Set 01: 1/8
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Settings of the Timer Z Mode Register
b7
b0
Timer Z Mode Register [address 008016] TZMR
0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
01: Programmable waveform generation mode
Set to “1” in programmable waveform generation mode.
Timer Z count start flag
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
3.3 A-D Converter (Repeat Mode)
The musical-scale sample program uses the A-D converter in repeat mode.
The A-D register is read out synchronously with the main period (10 ms), and an average of four
reads is obtained as valid data. The valid A-D value is examined to determine one of the 8 divided
areas to which it belongs, and the data value of that area is set in the timer Z (timer Z
primary/secondary). That way, the duty cycle is set.
The analog input pin, resolution, operating clock, etc. are set by setting up the SFR (Special Function
Registers) shown below. For repeat mode, select 8 bits resolution.
A-D conversion begins at the same time the A-D conversion flag is set to “1”, and stops when the A-D
conversion flag is set to “0”.
Settings of A-D Control Register 0
b0
b7
A-D Control Register 0 [00D616] ADCON0
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Analog input pin select bits Set 100: AN8
A-D mode select bit, “1” = repeat mode selected
Selects port P1 group (AN8–AN11)
Started by software trigger (ADST bit)
A-D conversion start flag, “1” = start
Frequency select bit, “1” = divided-by-2 fAD selected
Settings of A-D Control Register 1
b7
b0
A-D Control Register 1 [00D716] ADCON1
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
8/10 bit select bit, “0” = 8 bits selected. For repeat mode, select 8 bits resolution.
Frequency select bit 1, “1” = fAD selected
Vref connection bit, “1” = Vref connection selected
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Settings of A-D Control Register 2
b7
b0
A-D Control Register 2 [00D416] ADCON2
0 0 0 0
A-D conversion method select bit, “0” = without sample-and-hold selected
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
No functions assigned
3.4 Chattering Elimination
To protect the key input against chattering noise, SW4 is read multiple times to confirm that the
detected input levels are the same. In the musical-scale sample program, key input is sampled at 10
ms intervals, and is confirmed to have been entered when sampled low three times consecutively.
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4. Flowchart
4.1 Initial Settings and Main Loop
Reset
asm("FCLR I");
prcr = 1;
; Disables interrupts
; Removes protection of the system control registers
; XIN-XOUT pin
cm13 = 1;
cm15 = 1;
cm05 = 0;
cm16 = 0;
cm17 = 0;
cm06 = 0;
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
ocd2 = 0;
; Selects XIN-XOUT drive capability; set to HIGH
; Main clock oscillation
; Main clock not divided
;
; Enables main clock division CM16, CM17
; Wait until stabilizes
; Wait until stabilizes
; Wait until stabilizes
; Wait until stabilizes
; Selects the main clock
prcr = 0;
; Protects the system control registers
; Initializes the SFR (port initialization and timer setup)
Initialize SFR
SFR_INITIAL
asm("FSET I");
; Enables interrupts
No
; Wait for timer X request
Main period elapsed (10 ms)?
Yes
; Clears the timer X request flag
ir_txic = 0;
; Refreshes the port direction register
Reset SFR
SFR_REF
; Sets the port for output (LED and buzzer)
; Sets the port for input (key input processing)
Port output
PORT_OUT
Port input
PORT_IN
; Mode processing
Mode processing
(Mode processing within refresh mode)
; Soft timer (10 ms based timer value subtraction)
MODE_FUNC
Soft timer processing
STIMER
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R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.2 SFR Initialization
sfr_init
; Initializes port P1
; Initializes port P4
p1 = 0x16;
p4 = 0;
tcss = 0x11;
prex = 250-1;
tx = 100-1;
txs = 1;
; Timer X = divided-by-8, timer Z = divided-by-8
; Prescaler X = 250
; Timer X = 100
; Timer X starts counting
tzmr = 0x50;
; Timer Z mode = programmable waveform generation mode
; Primary period = high, secondary period = low, timer stopped = low
; Timer Z stops counting
pum = 0;
tzs = 0;
adcon1 = 0x30;
adcon0 = 0x9C;
adst = 1;
; 8-bit A-D sampling
; Selects divided-by-2 fAD and reads A-D0
; A-D sampling starts
Refresh SFR
; Refreshes the SFR
SFR_REF
RTS
4.3 SFR Refresh
sfr_ref
pd1 = 0x1E;
pd4 = 0;
; Initializes/refreshes the port P1 direction register
; Initializes/refreshes the port P4 direction register
RTS
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.4 Port Output
port_out
No
mode = 0
p1 = 0x10;
RTS
; The red LED turns off and others
stay on
Yes
p1 = 0x06;
; The red LED turns on and others turn off
; Buzzer output mode up-count
; Initializes buzzer output mode
;
md_bz_down = 0;
md_buzzer = 1;
tm_buzzer = 0;
tzs = 0;
; Stops timer Z
RTS
; Timer Z prescaler value table:
bz_preztable[8] = {60,53,47,45,40,36,32,30};
Timer Z primary value table:
bz_tzsctable[8] = {20,27,34,40,45,50,55,60};
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.5 Port Input
port_in
ad_sum + ad;
ad_cnt + 1;
; Adds sampled A-D to the A-D work area
; Increments A-D sampling count by 1
No
ad_cnt = 4
; Checks whether A-D is sampled 4 times
Yes
1
ad_fix = ad_sum >>2;
ad_cnt = 0;
; Deletes 2 low-order bits, 8 high-order bits effective
; Clears A-D sampling count
; Clears A-D work area
ad_sum = 0;
i = 0;
; Clears checked count
; A-D area determination processing
No
i < 8
Yes
Yes
adfunc_table[i] >= ad_fix
No
No
ad_level != i
i + 1;
; Determines whether to
change A-D area
Yes
ad_level = i;
; Changes A-D area
1
A-D threshold value table:
adfunc_table[8]=
{0x1F,0x3F,0x5F,0x7F,0x9F,0xBF,0xDF,0xFF};
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
1
i = 1;
No
SW4 = SW_ON
Yes
i = 0;
sw4_bit << 1;
sw4_bit | i;
; Reserves storage in which to save the input data
; Saves the input data
sw4_bit & 7;
; Deletes 5 high-order bits
No
sw4_bit = 0 | sw4_bit = 7
Yes
Yes
sw4_bit = 0
No
No
mode = 1 & fixsw4 = 1
Yes
No
mode = 0 & fixsw4 = 1
Yes
; Changes modes
mode = 0;
mode = 1;
; Valid data = high
fixsw4 = 1;
fixsw4 = 0;
; Valid data = low
RTS
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.6 Mode Processing
mode_func
Yes
No
mode = 0
No
mode = 1
mode = 0;
tzs = 0;
; Refreshes mode
; Stops timer Z
Yes
mode = 1;
No
tm_buzzer <= 0
Yes
RTS
Yes
md_buzzer = 0
md_bz_down = 0;
; Mode up-count
No
tm_buzzer = 50;
tzs = 0;
; No-sound timer 500 ms
; Stops timer Z
Yes
md_buzzer = 9
md_bz_down = 1;
tm_buzzer = 50;
tzs = 0;
; Mode down-count
; No-sound timer 500 ms
; Stops timer Z
No
No
md_buzzer > 9
tzs = 1;
; Resets mode
Yes
i = ad_level;
md_buzzer = 0;
work = bz_tzsctable[i];
tzpr = work - 1;
work = 80 - work;
tzsc = work - 1;
i = md_buzzer - 1;
work = bz_preztable[i];
prez = work - 1;
tzs = 0;
tzs = 0;
; Stops timer Z
tzs = 1;
tm_buzzer = 100;
2
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
2
; Checks mode up-count/down-count instruction
Yes
No
md_bz_down = 0
No
md_buzzer - 1;
md_buzzer + 1;
; Changes mode
md_buzzer = 0
Yes
md_buzzer = 0;
RTS
4.7 Soft Timer Processing
stimer
No
; Checks for underflow
tm_buzzer != 0
Yes
; Buzzer-on time = 0
tm_buzzer - 1;
RTS
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
5. Sample Program
/************************************************************************************
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
File Name : ad_onkai.h
Contents
: definition of R8C/17 Group SFR
Copyright, 2004 RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
AND RENESAS SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
Version
note
: 1.00
:
************************************************************************************/
/* Definition of RAM area */
char mode
= 0;
/* Mode number */
char sw4_bit
char fixsw4
char ad_cnt
char md_bz_down
= 0;
= 1;
= 0;
= 0;
/* Input SW4 data */
/* Input SW4 Settlement data */
/* Number of A-D value sampling */
/* Buzzer output counting direction */
unsigned int md_buzzer= 0;
unsigned int tm_buzzer= 0;
unsigned int ad_fix
unsigned int ad_sum
unsigned int ad_level = 0;
/* Buzzer output mode */
/* Buzzer control timer */
/* A-D fixed data */
/* A-D calculation result data */
/* Output range */
= 0;
= 0;
/* A-D table */
unsigned int adfunc_table[8] = {0x1F,0x3F,0x5F,0x7F,0x9F,0xBF,0xDF,0xFF};
/* Prescaler Z table */
unsigned int bz_preztable[8] = {60,53,47,45,40,36,32,30};
/* timer Z secondary register table */
unsigned int bz_tzsctable[8] = {20,27,34,40,45,50,55,60};
/* Declaration of function prototype */
extern void sfr_init(void);
extern void sfr_ref(void);
extern void port_out(void);
extern void port_in(void);
extern void mode_func(void);
extern void stimer(void);
/* Initial setting of SFR registers */
/* Refresh of SFR registers */
/* Port output */
/* Port input */
/* Mode processing */
/* Software timer */
/* Definition of base section */
#define SW_ON
#define SW_OFF
#define LOW
0
1
0
1
#define HIGH
/* Definition of port */
#define GREEN_LED2
#define GREEN_LED1
#define GREEN_LED0
p1_1
p1_2
p1_3
#define RED_LED
#define SW3
#define SW4
#define BUZZER
p1_4
p1_0
p4_5
p1_3
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
File Name : main.c
Contents
: definition of R8C/17 Group SFR
Copyright, 2004 RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
AND RENESAS SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
Version
note
: 1.00
:
************************************************************************************/
#include "sfr_r817.h"
#include "ad_onkai.h"
*/
/* Definition of the R8C/17 SFR */
/* Definition of processing for the musical scale program
main(){
asm("FCLR I");
prcr = 1;
cm13 = 1;
cm15 = 1;
cm05 = 0;
cm16 = 0;
cm17 = 0;
cm06 = 0;
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
ocd2 = 0;
prcr = 0;
/* Interrupt disable */
/* Protect off */
/* X-in X-out */
/* XCIN-XCOUT drive capacity select bit : HIGH */
/* X-in on */
/* Main clock = No division mode */
/* CM16 and CM17 enable */
/* Main clock change */
/* Protect on */
sfr_init();
/* Initial setting of SFR registers */
while(1){
/* Main processing */
/* Interrupt enable */
asm("FSET I");
while(ir_txic == 0){} /* Main cycle 10ms */
ir_txic = 0;
sfr_ref();
port_out();
port_in();
mode_func();
stimer();
/* Refresh of SFR registers */
/* Port output */
/* Port input */
/* Mode processing */
/* Software timer */
}
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 14 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
Parameters: None
Returns: None
sfr_init
Description: Initial setting of SFR registers
************************************************************************************/
void sfr_init(void){
/* Setting port registers */
p1 = 0x16;
p4 = 0;
/* p17-14 = H(Led 4.3.2.1) p13 = L(Buzzer) */
tcss = 0x11;
/* division = X:1/8,Z:1/8 */
/* Setting main cycle timer */
/* 20MHz* 1/8 * 250 * 100 =10ms */
prex = 250 - 1;
tx = 100 - 1;
txs = 1;
/* Setting Prescaler X register */
/* Setting timer X register */
/* Timer X count start flag = start */
/* Setting Buzzer output timer */
tzmr = 0x50;
pum = 0;
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z mode = Programmable waveform generation mode */
/* Timer Z waveform output control register */
/* Timer Z count start flag = stop */
/* A-D operation mode = Repeat mode */
adcon1 = 0x30;
adcon0 = 0x9C;
adst = 1;
/* 8/10-bit mode select bit = 8-bit mode */
/* fAD/2 and AN8 is selected */
/* A-D conversion started */
sfr_ref();
}
/************************************************************************************
Name: sfr_ref
Parameters: None
Returns: None
Description: Refresh of SFR registers
************************************************************************************/
void sfr_ref(void){
/* Setting port direction registers */
pd1 = 0x1E;
pd4 = 0;
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 15 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
Parameters: None
Returns: None
port_out
Description: Port output
************************************************************************************/
void port_out(void){
if (mode == 0){
/* LED output processing */
p1 = 0x06;
/* Buzzer output processing */
md_bz_down = 0;
md_buzzer = 1;
tm_buzzer = 0;
tzs = 0;
/* Buzzer output counting direction = increment counting */
/* Buzzer output mode = C(1) */
/* Buzzer control timer = 1 second */
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
}else{
/* LED output processing */
p1 = 0x10;
}
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 16 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
Parameters: None
Returns: None
port_in
Description: Port input
************************************************************************************/
void port_in(void){
unsigned int i;
/* A-D input */
ad_sum = ad_sum + ad;
ad_cnt = ad_cnt + 1;
if (ad_cnt == 4){
/* A-D calculation result data + picking A-D */
/* Number of sampling become 4 */
ad_fix = ad_sum >> 2; /* 4 times shift to the right */
ad_cnt = 0;
ad_sum = 0;
/* picking A-D space clear */
/* A-D Range settlement processing */
i = 0;
while (i < 8){
if (adfunc_table[i] >= ad_fix){break;}
i = i + 1;
/* Output range is settled */
}
if (ad_level != i){
ad_level = i;
}
/* Chenge Output range */
}
/* Determination of input level SW4 */
i = 1;
if (SW4 == SW_ON)i = 0;
sw4_bit = sw4_bit << 1;
sw4_bit = sw4_bit | i;
sw4_bit = sw4_bit & 7;
/* Now determination SW4 */
/* Check pulses matching a trigger input level 3 times */
if (sw4_bit == 0 || sw4_bit == 7){ /* Determinate input SW4 */
if (sw4_bit == 0){
/* Mode change */
if (mode == 1 & fixsw4 == 1){
mode = 0;
}else{
if (mode == 0 & fixsw4 == 1){
mode = 1; /* Setting the buzzer output mode */
/* Setting the standby mode */
}
}
fixsw4 = 0;
}else{
fixsw4 = 1;
/* Input on */
/* Input off */
}
}
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 17 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
Parameters: mode
Returns: None
mode_func
Description: Mode processing
************************************************************************************/
void mode_func(void){
unsigned int i,work;
switch(mode){
case 1:
mode = 1;/* Set mode of the buzzer output mode */
if (tm_buzzer <= 0){
/* Buzzer output mode change */
if (md_buzzer == 0){
tm_buzzer = 50;
/* Buzzer control timer = 0.5 second */
md_bz_down =0;/*Buzzer output counting direction=increment counting */
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
}else if (md_buzzer == 9){
tm_buzzer = 50;
/* buzzer control timer = 0.5 second */
md_bz_down =1;/*Buzzer output counting direction=decrement counting */
tzs = 0;
}else if (md_buzzer > 9){
md_buzzer = 0;
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
/* Buzzer output mode = clear */
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
}else{
/* output the musical scale now */
tzs = 1;
/* Timer Z starts Counting */
i = ad_level;
work = bz_tzsctable[i];
tzpr = work - 1;
work = 80 - work;
tzsc = work - 1;
i = md_buzzer - 1;
work = bz_preztable[i];
prez = work - 1;
tzs = 0;
/* setting of timer Z Primary register */
/* setting of timer Z secondary register */
/* setting of Prescaler Z register */
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
tzs = 1;
tm_buzzer = 100;
/* Timer Z starts Counting */
/* buzzer control timer = 1 second */
}
if (md_bz_down == 0){
/* increment counting action */
md_buzzer = md_buzzer + 1; /* increment counting of the timer */
}else{
/* decrement counting action */
md_buzzer = md_buzzer - 1; /* decrement counting the timer */
if (md_buzzer == 0){md_buzzer = 0;}
}
}
break;
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 18 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
default:
mode = 0;
/* Set mode of the standby mode */
/* Timer Z count start flag = stop */
tzs = 0;
break;
}
}
/************************************************************************************
Name: stimer
Parameters: None
Returns: None
Description: Software timer
************************************************************************************/
void stimer(void){
/* Countdown of buzzer control timer */
if (tm_buzzer != 0){tm_buzzer = tm_buzzer - 1;}
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 19 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
6. Reference Documents
Datasheet
R8C/Tiny Series Datasheet
( For the most current version, please visit Renesas Technology Home Page )
Hardware Manual
R8C/Tiny Series Hardware Manual
( For the most current version, please visit Renesas Technology Home Page )
7. Home Page and Support Information Window
Renesas Technology Home Page
http://www.renesas.com/
M16C Family MCU Technical Support Information Window
support_apl@renesas.com
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 20 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
REVISION HISTORY
Description
Summary
Rev.
1.00
2.00
Date
Page
-
Sep 09, 2003
Jul 1, 2004
First edition issued
For R8C/Tiny Series
ALL
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 21 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
Keep safety first in your circuit designs!
Notes regarding these mate
Keep safety first in your circuit designs!
1. Renesas Technology Corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products
better and more reliable, but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them. Trouble
with semiconductors may lead to personal injury, fire or property damage.
Remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs, with appropriate
measures such as (i) placement of substitutive, auxiliary circuits, (ii) use of nonflammable material or
(iii) prevention against any malfunction or mishap.
Notes regarding these materials
1. These materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the Renesas
Technology Corporation product best suited to the customer's application; they do not convey any
license under any intellectual property rights, or any other rights, belonging to Renesas Technology
Corporation or a third party.
2. Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, or infringement of any
third-party's rights, originating in the use of any product data, diagrams, charts, programs,
algorithms, or circuit application examples contained in these materials.
3. All information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs and
algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials, and are
subject to change by Renesas Technology Corporation without notice due to product improvements
or other reasons. It is therefore recommended that customers contact Renesas Technology
Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology Corporation product distributor for the latest
product information before purchasing a product listed herein.
The information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability, or other loss
rising from these inaccuracies or errors.
Please also pay attention to information published by Renesas Technology Corporation by various
means, including the Renesas Technology Corporation Semiconductor home page
(http://www.renesas.com).
4. When using any or all of the information contained in these materials, including product data,
diagrams, charts, programs, and algorithms, please be sure to evaluate all information as a total
system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products. Renesas
Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability or other loss resulting
from the information contained herein.
5. Renesas Technology Corporation semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a
device or system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake.
Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology Corporation
product distributor when considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific
purposes, such as apparatus or systems for transportation, vehicular, medical, aerospace, nuclear,
or undersea repeater use.
6. The prior written approval of Renesas Technology Corporation is necessary to reprint or reproduce
in whole or in part these materials.
7. If these products or technologies are subject to the Japanese export control restrictions, they must
be exported under a license from the Japanese government and cannot be imported into a country
other than the approved destination.
Any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of Japan and/or the
country of destination is prohibited.
8. Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation for further details on these materials or the
products contained therein.
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 22 of 22
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