LM4820IBP-6 [TI]
IC AUDIO AMPLIFIER, Audio/Video Amplifier;
| 型号： | LM4820IBP-6 |
| 厂家： | 
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
| 描述： | IC AUDIO AMPLIFIER, Audio/Video Amplifier 放大器 商用集成电路 |
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OBSOLETE
LM4820-6
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SNAS128D –NOVEMBER 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
LM4820-6
Fixed Gain 1 Watt Audio Power Amplifier
Check for Samples: LM4820-6
1
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
The LM4820-6 is an audio power amplifier primarily
designed for demanding applications in mobile
phones and other portable communication device
applications. It is capable of delivering 1 watt of
continuous average power to an 8Ω BTL load with
less than 1% distortion (THD+N) at 6dB of BTL gain
from a 5VDC power supply.
Boomer® audio power amplifiers were designed
specifically to provide high quality output power with a
minimal amount of external components. The
LM4820-6 does not require input and gain resistors,
output coupling capacitors or bootstrap capacitors,
and therefore is ideally suited for mobile phone and
other low voltage applications where minimal parts
count and low power consumption is a primary
requirement.
23
•
Fixed 6dB BTL Voltage Gain
•
Available in Space-Saving Packages Micro
SMD, VSSOP and SOIC
•
•
•
Ultra Low Current Shutdown Mode
Can Drive Capacitive Loads up to 500 pF
Improved Pop and Click Circuitry Eliminates
Noises During Turn-On and Turn-Off
Transitions
•
•
2.0 - 5.5V Operation
No Output Coupling Capacitors, Snubber
Networks or Bootstrap Capacitors Required
•
External Gain Configuration Still Possible
APPLICATIONS
The LM4820-6 features a low-power consumption
shutdown mode, which is achieved by driving the
shutdown pin with logic low. Additionally, the
LM4820-6 features an internal thermal shutdown
protection mechanism.
•
•
•
Mobile Phones
PDAs
Portable Electronic Devices
KEY SPECIFICATIONS
The LM4820-6 contains advanced pop and click
circuitry which eliminates noises which would
otherwise occur during turn-on and turn-off
transitions.
•
•
•
Improved PSRR at 217Hz: 62dB
Power Output at 5.0V and 1% THD: 1.0W(typ.)
Power Output at 3.3V and 1% THD:
400mW(typ.)
•
Shutdown Current: 0.1µA(typ.)
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Figure 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2
3
Boomer is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
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OBSOLETE
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SNAS128D –NOVEMBER 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
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These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS
8 Bump micro SMD
Small Outline (SOIC) Package
Figure 2. Top View
See Package Number YPB0008
Figure 3. Top View
See Package Number D0008A
Mini Small Outline (VSSOP) Package
micro SMD Marking
X - Date Code
T - Die Traceability
G - Boomer Family
F - LM4820IBP-6
Figure 4. Top View
Figure 5. Top View
See Package Number DGK0008A
SO Marking
MSOP Marking
XY - Date Code
TT - Die Traceability
G- Boomer Family
26 - LM4820MM-6
Bottom 2 lines - Part Number ( LM4820M-6 )
Figure 6. Top View
Figure 7. Top View
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(1)(2)
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage
6.0V
−65°C to +150°C
−0.3V to VDD +0.3V
Internally Limited
2500V
Storage Temperature
Input Voltage
(3)
Power Dissipation
(4)
ESD Susceptibility
(5)
ESD Susceptibility
250V
Junction Temperature 150°C
Thermal Resistance
θJC (SOIC)
35°C/W
150°C/W
220°C/W
56°C/W
θJA (SOIC)
θJA (micro SMD)
θJC (VSSOP)
θJA (VSSOP)
190°C/W
Soldering Information
See AN-1112 "microSMD Wafers Level Chip Scale Package".
(1) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for
which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical
specifications under particular test conditions which specify performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating
Ratings. Specifications are for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and
specifications.
(3) The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJA, and the ambient temperature
TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX–TA)/θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever
is lower. For the LM4820-6, see Figure 28 for additional information.
(4) Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
(5) Machine Model, 220 pF–240 pF discharged through all pins.
OPERATING RATINGS
Temperature Range
T
MIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C
2.0V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
Supply Voltage
(1)(2)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 5V
The following specifications apply for VDD = 5V, AV = 1, and 8Ω load unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25°C.
LM4820-6
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limit
Units
(3)
(4)
IDD
Quiescent Power Supply Current
Shutdown Current
VIN = 0V, Io = 0A
4
10
mA (max)
ISD
Vshutdown = GND
0.1
1
µA (max)
Po
Output Power
THD = 2% (max); f = 1 kHz
Po = 0.4 Wrms; f = 1kHz
Vripple = 200mV sine p-p
W
%
THD+N
PSRR
Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
0.1
62 (f = 217Hz)
66 (f = 1kHz)
dB
AV
Fixed Voltage Gain
1.41Vin rms, RL = 8Ω
6.0
6.5
5.5
dB Max
dB Min
(1) All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.
(2) For micro SMD only, shutdown current is measured in a Normal Room Environment. Exposure to direct sunlight will increase ISD by a
maximum of 2µA.
(3) Typicals are measured at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.
(4) Limits are specified to AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
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(1)(2)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 3.3V
The following specifications apply for VDD = 3.3V, AV = 1, and 8Ω load unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25°C.
LM4820-6
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limit
Units
(3)
(4)
IDD
Quiescent Power Supply Current
Shutdown Current
VIN = 0V, Io = 0A
3.5
0.1
0.4
0.1
mA (max)
ISD
Vshutdown = GND
µA (max)
Po
Output Power
THD = 1% (max); f = 1kHz
Po = 0.15Wrms; f = 1kHz
Vripple = 200mV sine p-p
W
%
THD+N
PSRR
Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
60 (f = 217Hz)
62 (f = 1kHz)
dB
AV
Fixed Voltage Gain
.7Vin rms, RL = 8Ω
6.0
dB
(1) All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.
(2) For micro SMD only, shutdown current is measured in a Normal Room Environment. Exposure to direct sunlight will increase ISD by a
maximum of 2µA.
(3) Typicals are measured at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.
(4) Limits are specified to AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
(1)(2)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 2.6V
The following specifications apply for VDD = 2.6V and 8Ω Load unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25°C.
LM4820-6
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limit
Units
(3)
(4)
IDD
Quiescent Power Supply Current
Shutdown Current
VIN = 0V, Io = 0A
2.6
0.1
mA (max)
µA (max)
ISD
P0
Vshutdown = GND
Output Power ( 8Ω )
Output Power ( 4Ω )
THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz THD =
1% (max); f = 1 kHz
0.2
0.4
W
W
THD+N
PSRR
Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Po = 0.1Wrms; f = 1kHz
Vripple = 200mV sine p-p
0.08
%
44 (f = 217Hz)
44 (f = 1kHz)
dB
AV
Fixed Voltage Gain
.5Vin rms, RL = 8Ω
6.0
dB
(1) All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.
(2) For micro SMD only, shutdown current is measured in a Normal Room Environment. Exposure to direct sunlight will increase ISD by a
maximum of 2µA.
(3) Typicals are measured at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.
(4) Limits are specified to AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
(Figure 1)
Components
Functional Description
2.
Ci
Input coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifiers input terminals. Also creates a highpass filter with
Ri at fc = 1/(2π RiCi). Refer to the section, PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS, for an explanation
of how to determine the value of Ci.
4.
5.
CS
CB
Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING section for
information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.
Bypass pin capacitor which provides half-supply filtering. Refer to the section, PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL
COMPONENTS, for information concerning proper placement and selection of CB.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
THD+N vs Frequency
at VDD = 5V, 8Ω RL, and PWR = 250mW
THD+N vs Frequency
at VDD = 3.3V, 8Ω RL, and PWR = 150mW
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
THD+N vs Frequency
at VDD = 2.6V, 8Ω RL, and PWR = 100mW
THD+N vs Frequency
at VDD = 2.6V, 4Ω RL, and PWR = 100mW
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
THD+N vs Power Out
@ VDD = 5V, 8Ω RL, 1kHz
THD+N vs Power Out
@ VDD = 3.3V, 8Ω RL, 1kHz
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
THD+N vs Power Out
@ VDD = 2.6V, 8Ω RL, 1kHz
THD+N vs Power Out
@ VDD = 2.6V, 4Ω RL, 1kHz
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) @ VDD = 5V
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) @ VDD = 5V
Figure 16. Input terminated with 10Ω R
Figure 17. Input Floating
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) @ VDD = 2.6V
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) @ VDD = 3.3V
Figure 18. Input terminated with 10Ω R
Figure 19. Input terminated with 10Ω R
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Power Dissipation vs Output Power
VDD = 3.3V
Power Dissipation vs Output Power
@ VDD = 5V
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Output Power vs
Load Resistance
Power Dissipation vs Output Power
VDD = 2.6V
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Supply Current vs
Shutdown Voltage
Clipping (Dropout) Voltage vs
Supply Voltage
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Frequency Response vs
Input Capacitor Size
Open Loop Frequency Response
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
Power Derating Curves
Noise Floor
Figure 28.
Figure 29.
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION
As shown in Figure 1, the LM4820-6 has two operational amplifiers internally. Figure 1 shows that the output of
amplifier one serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both amplifiers producing signals identical in
magnitude, but out of phase by 180°. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC is
AVD= 2 x (Rf/Ri)
(1)
By driving the load differentially through outputs Vo1 and Vo2, an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as
“bridged mode” is established. Bridged mode operation is different from the classical single-ended amplifier
configuration where one side of the load is connected to ground.
A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over the single-ended configuration, as it provides
differential drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified supply voltage. Four times the output
power is possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the same conditions. This increase in attainable
output power assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. In order to choose an amplifier's closed-
loop gain without causing excessive clipping, please refer to the AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN section.
A bridge configuration, such as the one used in LM4820-6, also creates a second advantage over single-ended
amplifiers. Since the differential outputs, Vo1 and Vo2, are biased at half-supply, no net DC voltage exists across
the load. This eliminates the need for an output coupling capacitor which is required in a single supply, single-
ended amplifier configuration. Without an output coupling capacitor, the half-supply bias across the load would
result in both increased internal IC power dissipation and also possible loudspeaker damage.
POWER DISSIPATION
Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a successful amplifier, whether the amplifier is bridged or
single-ended. A direct consequence of the increased power delivered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an
increase in internal power dissipation. Since the LM4820-6 has two operational amplifiers in one package, the
maximum internal power dissipation is 4 times that of a single-ended amplifier. The maximum power dissipation
for a given application can be derived from the power dissipation graphs or from Equation 2.
PDMAX = 4 x (VDD)2/(2π2RL)
(2)
It is critical that the maximum junction temperature TJMAX of 150°C is not exceeded. TJMAX can be determined
from the power derating curves by using PDMAX and the PC board foil area. By adding additional copper foil, the
thermal resistance of the application can be reduced from a free air value of 150°C/W, resulting in higher PDMAX
.
Additional copper foil can be added to any of the leads, bumps or vias connected to the LM4820-6. It is
especially effective when connected to VDD, GND, and the output pins. Refer to the application information on the
LM4820-6 reference design board for an example of good heat sinking. If TJMAX still exceeds 150°C, then
additional changes must be made. These changes can include reduced supply voltage, higher load impedance,
or reduced ambient temperature. Internal power dissipation is a function of output power. Refer to the TYPICAL
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS curves for power dissipation information for different output powers and
output loading.
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING
As with any amplifier, proper supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high power supply
rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and power supply pins should be as close to the device as
possible. Typical applications employ a 5V regulator with 10 µF tantalum or electrolytic capacitor and a ceramic
bypass capacitor which aid in supply stability. This does not eliminate the need for bypassing the supply nodes of
the LM4820-6. The selection of a bypass capacitor, especially CB, is dependent upon PSRR requirements, click
and pop performance (as explained in the section, PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS),
system cost, and size constraints.
SHUTDOWN FUNCTION
In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the LM4820-6 contains a shutdown pin to externally turn
off the amplifier's bias circuitry. This shutdown feature turns the amplifier off when a logic low is placed on the
shutdown pin. By switching the shutdown pin to ground, the LM4820-6 supply current draw will be minimized in
idle mode. While the device will be disabled with shutdown pin voltages less than 0.5VDC, the idle current may be
greater than the typical value of 0.1µA. (Idle current is measured with the shutdown pin grounded).
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In many applications, a microcontroller or microprocessor output is used to control the shutdown circuitry to
provide a quick, smooth transition into shutdown. Another solution is to use a single-pole, single-throw switch in
conjunction with an external pull-up resistor. When the switch is closed, the shutdown pin is connected to ground
and disables the amplifier. If the switch is open, then the external pull-up resistor will enable the LM4820-6. This
scheme ensures that the shutdown pin will not float thus preventing unwanted state changes.
PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
Proper selection of external components in applications using integrated power amplifiers is critical to optimize
device and system performance. While the LM4820-6 is tolerant of external component combinations,
consideration to component values must be used to maximize overall system quality.
The LM4820-6 is unity-gain stable which gives the designer maximum system flexibility. The LM4820-6 at 6dB of
fixed gain is a low gain configuration which minimizes THD+N values, and maximizes the signal to noise ratio.
Low gain configurations require large input signals to obtain a given output power. Input signals equal to or
greater than 1 Vrms are available from sources such as audio codecs. Please refer to the section, AUDIO
POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN, for a more complete explanation of proper gain selection.
Besides gain, one of the major considerations is the closed-loop bandwidth of the amplifier. To a large extent, the
bandwidth is dictated by the choice of external components shown in Figure 1. The input coupling capacitor, Ci,
forms a first order high pass filter which limits low frequency response. This value should be chosen based on
needed frequency response for a few distinct reasons.
SELECTION OF INPUT CAPACITOR SIZE
Large input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable designs. Clearly, a certain sized
capacitor is needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenuation. But in many cases the speakers
used in portable systems, whether internal or external, have little ability to reproduce signals below 100 Hz to
150 Hz. Thus, using a large input capacitor may not increase actual system performance.
In addition to system cost and size, click and pop performance is effected by the size of the input coupling
capacitor, Ci. A larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally
1/2 VDD). This charge comes from the output via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable.
Thus, by minimizing the capacitor size based on necessary low frequency response, turn-on pops can be
minimized.
Besides minimizing the input capacitor size, careful consideration should be paid to the bypass capacitor value.
Bypass capacitor, CB, is the most critical component to minimize turn-on pops since it determines how fast the
LM4820-6 turns on. The slower the LM4820-6's outputs ramp to their quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2 VDD),
the smaller the turn-on pop. Choosing CB equal to 1.0 µF along with a small value of Ci (in the range of 0.1 µF to
0.39 µF), should produce a virtually clickless and popless shutdown function. While the device will function
properly, (no oscillations or motorboating), with CB equal to 0.1 µF, the device will be much more susceptible to
turn-on clicks and pops. Thus, a value of CB equal to 1.0 µF is recommended in all but the most cost sensitive
designs.
AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN
A 1W/8Ω AUDIO AMPLIFIER
Given:
Power Output
Load Impedance
Input Level
1 Wrms
8Ω
1 Vrms
Input Impedance
Bandwidth
25 kΩ
100 Hz–20 kHz ± 0.25 dB
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A designer must first determine the minimum supply rail to obtain the specified output power. By extrapolating
from the Output Power vs Supply Voltage graphs in the TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
section, the supply rail can be easily found. A second way to determine the minimum supply rail is to calculate
the required Vopeak using Equation 3. Using this method, the minimum supply voltage would be (Vopeak + (VOD
+
TOP
VODBOT)), where VOD and VOD are extrapolated from the Dropout Voltage vs Supply Voltage curve in the
BOT
TOP
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS section.
(3)
2.7VDD to 5VDD is a standard supply voltage range for most applications. Extra supply voltage creates headroom
that allows the LM4820-6 to reproduce peaks in excess of 1W without producing audible distortion. At this time,
the designer must make sure that the power supply choice along with the output impedance does not violate the
conditions explained in the POWER DISSIPATION section.
Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed, the differential gain is determined from Equation 4
or Equation 5.
(4)
or
AVD = 2 ( Rf/Ri )
Rf = Ri = 25kΩ
AVD = 2 ( 25kΩ/25kΩ )
AVD = 2
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
The last step in this design example is setting the amplifier's -3dB frequency bandwidth. To achieve the desired
±0.25dB pass band magnitude variation limit, the low frequency response must extend to at least one-fifth the
lower bandwidth limit. The high frequency response must extend to at least five times the upper bandwidth limit.
The gain variation for both response limits is 0.17dB, well within the ±0.25dB desired limit. The results are
fL = 100Hz/5 = 20Hz
(9)
and
fH = 20kHz x 5 = 100kHz
(10)
As mentioned in the PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS section, Ri and Ci create a
highpass filter that sets the amplifier's lower bandpass frequency limit. To find the coupling capacitor's value, use
Equation 6
Ci ≥ 1/(2πRifL)
(11)
The result is
1/(2π x 25kΩ x 20kHz) = .318µf
(12)
Use a 0.33µf capacitor, the closest standard value.
The product of the desired high frequency cutoff (100kHz in this example ) and the differential gain AVD
,
determines the upper passband response limit. With AVD = 2 and fH = 100kHz, the closed-loop gain bandwidth
product (GBWP) is 200kHz. This is less than the LM4820-6's 25MHz GBWP. With this margin, the amplifier can
be used in designs that require more differential gain while avoiding performance, restricting bandwidth
limitations.
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Figure 30. Reference Design Board and Layout - micro SMD
LM4820-6 micro SMD BOARD ARTWORK
Figure 31. Silk Screen
Figure 32. Top Layer
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Figure 33. Bottom Layer
Figure 34. Inner Layer Ground
Figure 35. Inner Layer VDD
Figure 36. Reference Design Board and PCB Layout Guidelines - MSOP & SO Boards
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LM4820-6 SO DEMO BOARD ARTWORK
LM4820-6 MSOP DEMO BOARD ARTWORK
Figure 37. Silk Screen
Figure 38. Top Layer
Figure 39. Bottom Layer
Figure 40. Silk Screen
Figure 41. Top Layer
Figure 42. Bottom Layer
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Table 1. Mono LM4820-6 Reference Design Boards Bill of Material for all 3 Demo Boards
Item
Part Number
551011208-001
482911183-001
151911207-001
151911207-002
152911207-001
472911207-001
210007039-002
Part Description
LM4820-6 Mono Reference Design Board
LM4820-6 Audio AMP
Qty
Ref Designator
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
10
20
21
25
30
35
U1
C1
C2
C3
R1
J1
Tant Cap 1uF 16V 10
Cer Cap 0.39uF 50V Z5U 20% 1210
Tant Cap 1uF 16V 10
Res 20K Ohm 1/10W 5
Jumper Header Vertical Mount 2X1 0.100
PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES
This section provides practical guidelines for mixed signal PCB layout that involves various digital/analog power
and ground traces. Designers should note that these are only "rule-of-thumb" recommendations and the actual
results will depend heavily on the final layout.
GENERAL MIXED SIGNAL LAYOUT RECOMMENDATION
POWER AND GROUND CIRCUITS
For 2 layer mixed signal design, it is important to isolate the digital power and ground trace paths from the
analog power and ground trace paths. Star trace routing techniques (bringing individual traces back to a central
point rather than daisy chaining traces together in a serial manner) can have a major impact on low level signal
performance. Star trace routing refers to using individual traces to feed power and ground to each circuit or even
device. This technique will take require a greater amount of design time but will not increase the final price of the
board. The only extra parts required will be some jumpers.
SINGLE-POINT POWER / GROUND CONNECTIONS
The analog power traces should be connected to the digital traces through a single point (link). A "Pi-filter" can
be helpful in minimizing High Frequency noise coupling between the analog and digital sections. It is further
recommended to put digital and analog power traces over the corresponding digital and analog ground traces to
minimize noise coupling.
PLACEMENT OF DIGITAL AND ANALOG COMPONENTS
All digital components and high-speed digital signals traces should be located as far away as possible from
analog components and circuit traces.
AVOIDING TYPICAL DESIGN / LAYOUT PROBLEMS
Avoid ground loops or running digital and analog traces parallel to each other (side-by-side) on the same PCB
layer. When traces must cross over each other do it at 90 degrees. Running digital and analog traces at 90
degrees to each other from the top to the bottom side as much as possible will minimize capacitive noise
coupling and cross talk.
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SNAS128D –NOVEMBER 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
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REVISION HISTORY
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