TPS61032RSAR [TI]

96% EFFICIENT SYNCHRONOUS BOOST CONVERTER WITH 4A SWITCH;
TPS61032RSAR
型号: TPS61032RSAR
厂家: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS    TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
描述:

96% EFFICIENT SYNCHRONOUS BOOST CONVERTER WITH 4A SWITCH

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TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
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www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
96% EFFICIENT SYNCHRONOUS BOOST CONVERTER WITH 4A SWITCH  
FEATURES  
DESCRIPTION  
96% Efficient Synchronous Boost Converter  
With 1000-mA Output Current From 1.8-V  
Input  
The TPS6103x devices provide a power supply  
solution for products powered by either a one-cell  
Li-Ion or Li-polymer, or a two to three-cell alkaline,  
NiCd or NiMH battery. The converter generates a  
stable output voltage that is either adjusted by an  
external resistor divider or fixed internally on the chip.  
It provides high efficient power conversion and is  
capable of delivering output currents up to 1 A at 5 V  
at a supply voltage down to 1.8 V. The implemented  
boost converter is based on a fixed frequency,  
pulse-width- modulation (PWM) controller using a  
synchronous rectifier to obtain maximum efficiency.  
At low load currents the converter enters Power Save  
mode to maintain a high efficiency over a wide load  
current range. The Power Save mode can be dis-  
abled, forcing the converter to operate at a fixed  
switching frequency. It can also operate synchronized  
to an external clock signal that is applied to the  
SYNC pin. The maximum peak current in the boost  
switch is limited to a value of 4500 mA.  
Device Quiescent Current: 20-µA (Typ)  
Input Voltage Range: 1.8-V to 5.5-V  
Fixed and Adjustable Output Voltage Options  
Up to 5.5-V  
Power Save Mode for Improved Efficiency at  
Low Output Power  
Low Battery Comparator  
Low EMI-Converter (Integrated Antiringing  
Switch)  
Load Disconnect During Shutdown  
Over-Temperature Protection  
Available in a Small 4 mm x 4 mm QFN-16 or  
in a TSSOP-16 Package  
APPLICATIONS  
The converter can be disabled to minimize battery  
drain. During shutdown, the load is completely dis-  
connected from the battery. A low-EMI mode is  
implemented to reduce ringing and, in effect, lower  
radiated electromagnetic energy when the converter  
enters the discontinuous conduction mode.  
All Single Cell Li or Dual Cell Battery  
Operated Products as MP-3 Player, PDAs, and  
Other Portable Equipment  
The device is packaged in a 16-pin QFN package  
measuring 4 mm x 4 mm (RSA) or in a 16-pin  
TSSOP PowerPAD™ package (PWP).  
L1  
e.g. 5 V up to  
1000 mA  
VOUT  
SW  
6.8 µH  
C2  
2.2 µF  
C3  
220 µF  
VBAT  
R3  
R4  
R1  
R2  
1.8 V to 5 V  
Input  
C1  
10 µF  
EN  
FB  
R6  
LBI  
SYNC  
GND  
LBO  
Low Battery  
Comparator  
Output  
PGND  
TPS6103x  
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas  
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.  
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.  
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.  
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas  
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not  
necessarily include testing of all parameters.  
Copyright © 2002–2004, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam  
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.  
AVAILABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE OPTIONS(1)  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE  
TA  
PACKAGE  
PART NUMBER(2)  
DC/DC  
Adjustable  
3.3 V  
TPS61030PWP  
TPS61031PWP  
TPS61032PWP  
TPS61030RSA  
TPS61031RSA  
TPS61032RSA  
16-Pin TSSOP PowerPAD™  
5 V  
40°C to 85°C  
Adjustable  
3.3 V  
16-Pin QFN  
5 V  
(1) Contact the factory to check availability of other fixed output voltage versions.  
(2) The packages are available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g., TPS61030PWPR or TPS61030RSAR) to order  
quantities of 2000 devices per reel for the PWP packaged devices and 3000 units per reel for the RSA package.  
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS  
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)  
TPS6103x  
Input voltage range on LBI  
-0.3 V to 3.6 V  
-0.3 V to 7 V  
Input voltage range on SW, VOUT, LBO, VBAT, SYNC, EN, FB  
Maximum junction temperature TJ  
-40°C to 150°C  
-65°C to 150°C  
Storage temperature range Tstg  
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings  
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating  
conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.  
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS  
MIN  
1.8  
-40  
-40  
NOM  
MAX  
5.5  
UNIT  
V
Supply voltage at VBAT, VI  
Operating ambient temperature range, TA  
Operating virtual junction temperaturerange, TJ  
85  
°C  
125  
°C  
2
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS  
over recommended free-air temperature range and over recommended input voltage range (typical at an ambient temperature  
range of 25°C) (unless otherwise noted)  
DC/DC STAGE  
PARAMETER  
TEST CONDITIONS  
MIN  
1.8  
TYP  
MAX  
5.5  
UNIT  
V
VI  
Input voltage range  
VO  
VFB  
f
TPS61030 output voltage range  
TPS61030 feedback voltage  
Oscillator frequency  
1.8  
5.5  
V
490  
500  
500  
3600  
500  
600  
510  
700  
700  
4500  
mV  
kHz  
kHz  
mA  
mA  
mΩ  
mΩ  
Frequency range for synchronization  
Switch current limit  
VOUT= 5 V  
4000  
0.4 x ISW  
55  
Start-up current limit  
SWN switch on resistance  
SWP switch on resistance  
Total accuracy  
VOUT= 5 V  
VOUT= 5 V  
55  
-3%  
3%  
0.6%  
0.6%  
Line regulation  
Load regulation  
IO = 0 mA, VEN = VBAT = 1.8 V,  
VOUT =5 V  
VBAT  
VOUT  
10  
25  
µA  
Quiescent current  
Shutdown current  
IO = 0 mA, VEN = VBAT = 1.8 V,  
VOUT = 5 V  
10  
20  
1
µA  
µA  
VEN= 0 V, VBAT = 2.4 V  
0.1  
CONTROL STAGE  
PARAMETER  
TEST CONDITIONS  
VLBI voltage decreasing  
VLBI voltage decreasing  
MIN  
TYP  
1.5  
MAX  
UNIT  
V
VUVLO Under voltage lockout threshold  
VIL  
LBI voltage threshold  
490  
500  
10  
510  
mV  
mV  
µA  
V
LBI input hysteresis  
LBI input current  
EN = VBAT or GND  
0.01  
0.04  
100  
0.01  
0.1  
0.4  
LBO output low voltage  
LBO output low current  
LBO output leakage current  
EN, SYNC input low voltage  
EN, SYNC input high voltage  
EN, SYNC input current  
Overtemperature protection  
Overtemperature hysteresis  
VO = 3.3 V, IOI = 100 µA  
µA  
µA  
V
VLBO= 7 V  
0.1  
VIL  
VIH  
0.2 × VBAT  
0.8 × VBAT  
V
Clamped on GND or VBAT  
0.01  
140  
20  
0.1  
µA  
°C  
°C  
3
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
PIN ASSIGNMENTS  
PWP PACKAGE  
(TOP VIEW)  
RSA PACKAGE  
(TOP VIEW)  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16  
15  
14  
13  
12  
11  
10  
9
SW  
SW  
NC  
VOUT  
VOUT  
VOUT  
FB  
GND  
LBO  
EN  
PGND  
PGND  
PGND  
VBAT  
LBI  
VOUT  
NC  
LBO  
EN  
SYNC  
LBI  
PowerPAD  
SW  
SW  
SYNC  
NC − No internal connection  
Terminal Functions  
TERMINAL  
NAME  
NO.  
I/O  
DESCRIPTION  
PWP  
RSA  
11  
14  
13  
9
EN  
FB  
9
I
I
Enable input. (1/VBAT enabled, 0/GND disabled)  
Voltage feedback of adjustable versions  
Control/logic ground  
12  
11  
7
GND  
LBI  
I/O  
I
Low battery comparator input (comparator enabled with EN)  
Low battery comparator output (open drain)  
Not connected  
LBO  
NC  
10  
16  
8
12  
2
O
SYNC  
10  
I
Enable/disable power save mode (1/VBAT disabled, 0/GND enabled,  
clock signal for synchronization)  
SW  
PGND  
1, 2  
3, 4  
5, 6, 7  
8
I
I/O  
I
Boost and rectifying switch input  
Power ground  
3, 4, 5  
6
VBAT  
Supply voltage  
VOUT  
13, 14, 15  
1, 15, 16  
O
DC/DC output  
PowerPAD™  
Must be soldered to achieve appropriate power dissipation. Should be  
connected to PGND.  
4
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM  
SW  
VOUT  
PGND  
Anti-  
Ringing  
VBAT  
PGND  
Gate  
Control  
100 kW  
PGND  
10 pF  
Error Amplifier  
_
+
FB  
Regulator  
+
_
V
REF  
= 0.5 V  
Control Logic  
Oscillator  
GND  
Temperature  
Control  
EN  
SYNC  
GND  
LBI  
Low Battery Comparator  
+
_
LBO  
+
V
REF  
= 0.5 V  
_
GND  
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION  
L1  
VOUT  
SW  
V
CC  
6.8 µH  
Boost Output  
C2  
2.2 µF  
C3  
220 µF  
VBAT  
R3  
R4  
R1  
R2  
C1  
10 µF  
Power  
Supply  
EN  
FB  
R6  
LBI  
SYNC  
GND  
LBO  
Control Output  
PGND  
List of Components:  
U1 = TPS6103xPWP  
TPS6103x  
L1 = Sumida CDRH124–6R8  
C1, C2 = X7R/X5R Ceramic  
C3 = Low ESR Tantalum  
5
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS  
Table of Graphs  
DC/DC Converter  
Figure  
1, 2  
3
Maximum output current  
vs Input voltage  
vs Output current (TPS61030) (VO = 2.5 V, VI = 1.8 V, VSYNC = 0 V)  
vs Output current (TPS61031) (VO = 3.3 V, VI = 1.8 V, 2.4 V, VSYNC = 0 V)  
vs Output current (TPS61032) (VO = 5.0 V, VI = 2.4 V, 3.3 V, VSYNC = 0 V)  
vs Input voltage (TPS61031) (IO = 10 mA, 100 mA, 1000 mA, VSYNC = 0 V)  
vs Input voltage (TPS61032) (IO = 10 mA, 100 mA, 1000 mA, VSYNC = 0 V)  
vs Output current (TPS61031) (VI = 2.4 V)  
4
Efficiency  
5
6
7
8
Output voltage  
vs Output current (TPS61032) (VI = 3.3 V)  
9
No-load supply current into VBAT  
No-load supply current into VOUT  
vs Input voltage (TPS61032)  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
vs Input voltage (TPS61032)  
Minimum Load Resistance at Startup vs Input voltage (TPS61032)  
Output voltage in continuous mode (TPS61032)  
Output voltage in power save mode (TPS61032)  
Load transient response (TPS61032)  
Waveforms  
Line transient response (TPS61032)  
DC/DC converter start-up after enable (TPS61032)  
TPS61031  
TPS61032  
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT  
vs  
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT  
vs  
INPUT VOLTAGE  
INPUT VOLTAGE  
3.5  
3.5  
3
3
2.5  
2.5  
2
1.5  
1
2
1.5  
1
0.5  
0
0.5  
0
1.8  
2.2  
2.6  
3
3.4  
3.8  
4.2  
4.6  
5
1.8  
2.2  
2.6  
3
3.4  
3.8  
4.2  
4.6  
5
V
- Input Voltage - V  
V
- Input Voltage - V  
I
I
Figure 1.  
Figure 2.  
6
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)  
TPS61030  
EFFICIENCY  
vs  
TPS61031  
EFFICIENCY  
vs  
OUTPUT CURRENT  
OUTPUT CURRENT  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
30  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
30  
20  
V
= 1.8 V  
BAT  
V
BAT  
= 2.4 V  
20  
10  
0
V
= 2.5 V  
O
10  
0
V
O
= 3.3 V  
V = 1.8 V  
I
1
10  
100  
1000  
10000  
1
10  
100  
1000  
10000  
I - Output Current - mA  
O
I
O
- Output Current - mA  
Figure 3.  
Figure 4.  
TPS61032  
EFFICIENCY  
vs  
TPS61031  
EFFICIENCY  
vs  
OUTPUT CURRENT  
INPUT VOLTAGE  
100  
90  
100  
90  
I
O
= 100 mA  
V
BAT  
= 2.4 V  
I
O
= 1000 mA  
80  
70  
V
BAT  
= 3.3 V  
I
O
= 10 mA  
60  
50  
40  
80  
70  
30  
20  
60  
50  
V
= 5 V  
10  
0
O
1
10  
I
100  
1000  
10000  
1.8  
2
2.2  
2.4  
2.6  
2.8  
3
3.2  
- Output Current - mA  
O
V - Input Voltage - V  
I
Figure 5.  
Figure 6.  
7
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)  
TPS61032  
EFFICIENCY  
vs  
TPS61031  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE  
vs  
INPUT VOLTAGE  
OUTPUT CURRENT  
3.4  
3.35  
3.3  
100  
I
= 100 mA  
O
95  
90  
85  
80  
75  
70  
65  
60  
I
O
= 10 mA  
I
= 1000 mA  
O
VBAT = 2.4 V  
3.25  
3.2  
55  
50  
1.8  
2.2  
2.6  
3
3.4  
3.8  
4.2  
4.6  
5
1
10  
I
100  
1000  
10000  
- Output Current - mA  
V - Input Voltage - V  
I
O
Figure 7.  
Figure 8.  
TPS61032  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE  
vs  
TPS61032  
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT INTO VBAT  
vs  
OUTPUT CURRENT  
INPUT VOLTAGE  
5.2  
16  
14  
12  
10  
8
85°C  
25°C  
-40°C  
5.15  
5.1  
5.05  
VBAT = 3.3 V  
5
4.95  
6
4
4.9  
4.85  
4.8  
2
0
2
3
4
5
1
10  
100  
1000  
10000  
V - Input Voltage - V  
I
I
O
- Output Current - mA  
Figure 9.  
Figure 10.  
8
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)  
TPS61032  
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT INTO VOUT  
MINIMUM LOAD RESISTANCE AT START-UP  
vs  
vs  
INPUT VOLTAGE  
INPUT VOLTAGE  
14  
14  
12  
10  
85°C  
12  
25°C  
-40°C  
10  
8
6
4
8
6
4
2
0
2
0
2
3
4
5
1.8  
2.2  
2.6  
3
3.4  
3.8  
4.2  
4.6  
5
V - Input Voltage - V  
I
V
- Input Voltage - V  
I
Figure 11.  
Figure 12.  
TPS61032  
TPS61032  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE IN CONTINUOUS MODE  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE IN POWER SAVE MODE  
Output Voltage  
20 mV/Div  
V = 3.3 V, R = 5 W  
V = 3.3 V, R = 100 W  
I
L
I
L
Output Voltage  
50 mV/Div, AC  
Inductor Current  
200 mA/Div  
Inductor Current  
200 mA/Div, DC  
Timebase - 1 µs/Div  
Timebase - 200 µs/Div  
Figure 14.  
Figure 13.  
9
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)  
TPS61032  
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE  
TPS61032  
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE  
V = 2.2 V to 2.7 V,  
I
V = 2.5 V,  
Output Current  
500 mA/Div, DC  
I
Input Voltage  
500 mV/Div, DC  
R
L
= 50 W  
I
L
= 80 mA to 800 mA  
Output Voltage  
20 mV/Div, AC  
Output Voltage  
50 mV/Div, AC  
Timebase - 2 ms/Div  
Figure 15.  
Timebase - 2 ms/Div  
Figure 16.  
TPS61032  
DC/DC CONVERTER START-UP AFTER ENABLE  
Enable  
5 V/Div, DC  
Output Voltage  
2 V/Div, DC  
Input Current  
500 mA/Div, DC  
Voltage at SW  
2 V/Div, DC  
V = 2.4 V,  
I
R
L
= 20 W  
Timebase - 400 µs/Div  
Figure 17.  
10  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
Controller Circuit  
The controller circuit of the device is based on a fixed frequency multiple feedforward controller topology. Input  
voltage, output voltage, and voltage drop on the NMOS switch are monitored and forwarded to the regulator. So  
changes in the operating conditions of the converter directly affect the duty cycle and must not take the indirect  
and slow way through the control loop and the error amplifier. The control loop, determined by the error amplifier,  
only has to handle small signal errors. The input for it is the feedback voltage on the FB pin or, at fixed output  
voltage versions, the voltage on the internal resistor divider. It is compared with the internal reference voltage to  
generate an accurate and stable output voltage.  
The peak current of the NMOS switch is also sensed to limit the maximum current flowing through the switch and  
the inductor. The typical peak current limit is set to 4000 mA. An internal temperature sensor prevents the device  
from getting overheated in case of excessive power dissipation.  
Synchronous Rectifier  
The device integrates an N-channel and a P-channel MOSFET transistor to realize a synchronous rectifier.  
Because the commonly used discrete Schottky rectifier is replaced with a low RDS(ON) PMOS switch, the power  
conversion efficiency reaches 96%. To avoid ground shift due to the high currents in the NMOS switch, two  
separate ground pins are used. The reference for all control functions is the GND pin. The source of the NMOS  
switch is connected to PGND. Both grounds must be connected on the PCB at only one point close to the GND  
pin. A special circuit is applied to disconnect the load from the input during shutdown of the converter. In  
conventional synchronous rectifier circuits, the backgate diode of the high-side PMOS is forward biased in  
shutdown and allows current flowing from the battery to the output. This device however uses a special circuit  
which takes the cathode of the backgate diode of the high-side PMOS and disconnects it from the source when  
the regulator is not enabled (EN = low).  
The benefit of this feature for the system design engineer is that the battery is not depleted during shutdown of  
the converter. No additional components have to be added to the design to make sure that the battery is  
disconnected from the output of the converter.  
Device Enable  
The device is put into operation when EN is set high. It is put into a shutdown mode when EN is set to GND. In  
shutdown mode, the regulator stops switching, all internal control circuitry including the low-battery comparator is  
switched off, and the load is isolated from the input (as described in the Synchronous Rectifier Section). This  
also means that the output voltage can drop below the input voltage during shutdown. During start-up of the  
converter, the duty cycle and the peak current are limited in order to avoid high peak currents drawn from the  
battery.  
Undervoltage Lockout  
An undervoltage lockout function prevents device start-up if the supply voltage on VBAT is lower than  
approximately 1.6 V. When in operation and the battery is being discharged, the device automatically enters the  
shutdown mode if the voltage on VBAT drops below approximately 1.6 V. This undervoltage lockout function is  
implemented in order to prevent the malfunctioning of the converter.  
Softstart  
When the device enables the internal start-up cycle starts with the first step, the precharge phase. During  
precharge, the rectifying switch is turned on until the output capacitor is charged to a value close to the input  
voltage. The rectifying switch current is limited in that phase. This also limits the output current under short-circuit  
conditions at the output. After charging the output capacitor to the input voltage the device starts switching. Until  
the output voltage is reached, the boost switch current limit is set to 40% of its nominal value to avoid high peak  
currents at the battery during startup. When the output voltage is reached, the regulator takes control and the  
switch current limit is set back to 100%.  
11  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
Detailed Description (continued)  
Power Save Mode and Synchronization  
The SYNC pin can be used to select different operation modes. To enable power save, SYNC must be set low.  
Power save mode is used to improve efficiency at light load. In power save mode the converter only operates  
when the output voltage trips below a set threshold voltage. It ramps up the output voltage with one or several  
pulses and goes again into power save mode once the output voltage exceeds the set threshold voltage. This  
power save mode can be disabled by setting the SYNC to VBAT.  
Applying an external clock with a duty cycle between 30% and 70% at the SYNC pin forces the converter to  
operate at the applied clock frequency. The external frequency has to be in the range of about ±20% of the  
nominal internal frequency. Detailed values are shown in the electrical characteristic section of the data sheet.  
Low Battery Detector Circuit—LBI/LBO  
The low-battery detector circuit is typically used to supervise the battery voltage and to generate an error flag  
when the battery voltage drops below a user-set threshold voltage. The function is active only when the device is  
enabled. When the device is disabled, the LBO pin is high-impedance. The switching threshold is 500 mV at LBI.  
During normal operation, LBO stays at high impedance when the voltage, applied at LBI, is above the threshold.  
It is active low when the voltage at LBI goes below 500 mV.  
The battery voltage, at which the detection circuit switches, can be programmed with a resistive divider  
connected to the LBI pin. The resistive divider scales down the battery voltage to a voltage level of 500 mV,  
which is then compared to the LBI threshold voltage. The LBI pin has a built-in hysteresis of 10 mV. See the  
application section for more details about the programming of the LBI threshold. If the low-battery detection  
circuit is not used, the LBI pin should be connected to GND (or to VBAT) and the LBO pin can be left  
unconnected. Do not let the LBI pin float.  
Low-EMI Switch  
The device integrates a circuit that removes the ringing that typically appears on the SW node when the  
converter enters discontinuous current mode. In this case, the current through the inductor ramps to zero and the  
rectifying PMOS switch is turned off to prevent a reverse current flowing from the output capacitors back to the  
battery. Due to the remaining energy that is stored in parasitic components of the semiconductor and the  
inductor, a ringing on the SW pin is induced. The integrated antiringing switch clamps this voltage to VBAT and  
therefore dampens ringing.  
12  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
APPLICATION INFORMATION  
Design Procedure  
The TPS6103x dc/dc converters are intended for systems powered by a dual or triple cell NiCd or NiMH battery  
with a typical terminal voltage between 1.8 V and 5.5 V. They can also be used in systems powered by one-cell  
Li-Ion with a typical stack voltage between 2.5 V and 4.2 V. Additionally, two or three primary and secondary  
alkaline battery cells can be the power source in systems where the TPS6103x is used.  
Programming the Output Voltage  
The output voltage of the TPS61030 dc/dc converter section can be adjusted with an external resistor divider.  
The typical value of the voltage on the FB pin is 500 mV. The maximum allowed value for the output voltage is  
5.5 V. The current through the resistive divider should be about 100 times greater than the current into the FB  
pin. The typical current into the FB pin is 0.01 µA, and the voltage across R6 is typically 500 mV. Based on those  
two values, the recommended value for R4 should be lower than 500 k, in order to set the divider current at 1  
µA or higher. Because of internal compensation circuitry the value for this resistor should be in the range of 200  
k. From that, the value of resistor R3, depending on the needed output voltage (VO), can be calculated using  
equation 1:  
V
V
O
O
R3 + R4   
* 1 + 180 kW   
* 1  
ǒ Ǔ ǒ Ǔ  
V
500 mV  
FB  
(1)  
If as an example, an output voltage of 3.3 V is needed, a 1-Mresistor should be chosen for R3. If for any  
reason the value for R4 is chosen significantly lower than 200 kadditional capacitance in parallel to R3 is  
recommended. The required capacitance value can be easily calculated using Equation 2:  
200 kW  
R4  
ǒ
–1Ǔ  
C
+ 10 pF   
parR3  
(2)  
L1  
V
CC  
VOUT  
FB  
SW  
Boost Output  
C2  
C3  
VBAT  
R3  
R4  
R1  
Power  
Supply  
C1  
EN  
R6  
LBI  
R2  
SYNC  
GND  
LBO  
Control Output  
PGND  
TPS6103x  
Figure 18. Typical Application Circuit for Adjustable Output Voltage Option  
Programming the LBI/LBO Threshold Voltage  
The current through the resistive divider should be about 100 times greater than the current into the LBI pin. The  
typical current into the LBI pin is 0.01 µA, and the voltage across R2 is equal to the LBI voltage threshold that is  
generated on-chip, which has a value of 500 mV. The recommended value for R2 is therefore in the range of 500  
k. From that, the value of resistor R1, depending on the desired minimum battery voltage VBAT, can be  
calculated using Equation 3.  
13  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)  
V
V
BAT  
BAT  
R1 + R2   
* 1 + 390 kW   
* 1  
ǒ
Ǔ ǒ Ǔ  
V
500 mV  
LBI*threshold  
(3)  
The output of the low battery supervisor is a simple open-drain output that goes active low if the dedicated  
battery voltage drops below the programmed threshold voltage on LBI. The output requires a pullup resistor with  
a recommended value of 1 M. The maximum voltage which is used to pull up the LBO outputs should not  
exceed the output voltage of the dc/dc converter. If not used, the LBO pin can be left floating or tied to GND.  
Inductor Selection  
A boost converter normally requires two main passive components for storing energy during the conversion. A  
boost inductor and a storage capacitor at the output are required. To select the boost inductor, it is  
recommended to keep the possible peak inductor current below the current limit threshold of the power switch in  
the chosen configuration. For example, the current limit threshold of the TPS6103x's switch is 4500 mA at an  
output voltage of 5 V. The highest peak current through the inductor and the switch depends on the output load,  
the input (VBAT), and the output voltage (VOUT). Estimation of the maximum average inductor current can be done  
using Equation 4:  
V
OUT  
  0.8  
I
+ I  
 
L
OUT  
V
BAT  
(4)  
For example, for an output current of 1000 mA at 5 V, at least 3500 mA of average current flows through the  
inductor at a minimum input voltage of 1.8 V.  
The second parameter for choosing the inductor is the desired current ripple in the inductor. Normally, it is  
advisable to work with a ripple of less than 20% of the average inductor current. A smaller ripple reduces the  
magnetic hysteresis losses in the inductor, as well as output voltage ripple and EMI. But in the same way,  
regulation time at load changes rises. In addition, a larger inductor increases the total system costs. With those  
parameters, it is possible to calculate the value for the inductor by using Equation 5:  
  ǒVOUT BATǓ  
V
–V  
BAT  
L +  
DI   ƒ   V  
L
OUT  
(5)  
Parameter f is the switching frequency and IL is the ripple current in the inductor, i.e., 10% × IL. In this example,  
the desired inductor has the value of 5.5 µH. In typical applications a 6.8 µH inductance is recommended. The  
minimum possible inductance value is 2.2 µH. With the calculated inductance and current values, it is possible to  
choose a suitable inductor. Care has to be taken that load transients and losses in the circuit can lead to higher  
currents as estimated in equation 4. Also, the losses in the inductor caused by magnetic hysteresis losses and  
copper losses are a major parameter for total circuit efficiency.  
The following inductor series from different suppliers have been used with the TPS6103x converters:  
List of Inductors  
VENDOR  
INDUCTOR SERIES  
CDRH124  
Sumida  
CDRH103R  
CDRH104R  
7447779___  
744771___  
Wurth Electronik  
EPCOS  
B82464G  
14  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
Capacitor Selection  
Input Capacitor  
At least a 10-µF input capacitor is recommended to improve transient behavior of the regulator and EMI behavior  
of the total power supply circuit. A ceramic capacitor or a tantalum capacitor with a 100-nF ceramic capacitor in  
parallel, placed close to the IC, is recommended.  
Output Capacitor  
The major parameter necessary to define the output capacitor is the maximum allowed output voltage ripple of  
the converter. This ripple is determined by two parameters of the capacitor, the capacitance and the ESR. It is  
possible to calculate the minimum capacitance needed for the defined ripple, supposing that the ESR is zero, by  
using Equation 6:  
  ǒVOUT BATǓ  
I
* V  
OUT  
C
+
min  
ƒ   DV   V  
OUT  
(6)  
Parameter f is the switching frequency and V is the maximum allowed ripple.  
With a chosen ripple voltage of 10 mV, a minimum capacitance of 100 µF is needed. The total ripple is larger  
due to the ESR of the output capacitor. This additional component of the ripple can be calculated using  
Equation 7:  
DV  
I
R
ESR  
OUT  
ESR  
(7)  
An additional ripple of 80 mV is the result of using a tantalum capacitor with a low ESR of 80 m. The total ripple  
is the sum of the ripple caused by the capacitance and the ripple caused by the ESR of the capacitor. In this  
example, the total ripple is 90 mV. Additional ripple is caused by load transients. This means that the output  
capacitance needs to be larger than calculated above to meet the total ripple requirements.  
The output capacitor must completely supply the load during the charging phase of the inductor. A reasonable  
value of the output capacitance depends on the speed of the load transients and the load current during the load  
change. With the calculated minimum value of 100 µF and load transient considerations, a recommended output  
capacitance value is in around 220 µF. For economical reasons this usually is a tantalum capacitor. Because of  
this the control loop has been optimized for using output capacitors with an ESR of above 30 m. The minimum  
value for the output capacitor is 22 µF.  
Small Signal Stability  
When using output capacitors with lower ESR, like ceramics, it is recommended to use the adjustable voltage  
version. The missing ESR can be easily compensated there in the feedback divider. Typically a capacitor in the  
range of 10 pF in parallel to R3 helps to obtain small signal stability with lowest ESR output capacitors. For more  
detailed analysis the small signal transfer function of the error amplifier and regulator, which is given in Equation  
8, can be used.  
5   (R3 ) R4)  
R4   (1 ) i   w   2.3 ms)  
d
A
+
+
REG  
V
FB  
(8)  
LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS  
As for all switching power supplies, the layout is an important step in the design, especially at high peak currents  
and high switching frequencies. If the layout is not carefully done, the regulator could show stability problems as  
well as EMI problems. Therefore, use wide and short traces for the main current path and for the power ground  
tracks. The input capacitor, output capacitor, and the inductor should be placed as close as possible to the IC.  
Use a common ground node for power ground and a different one for control ground to minimize the effects of  
ground noise. Connect these ground nodes at any place close to one of the ground pins of the IC.  
The feedback divider should be placed as close as possible to the control ground pin of the IC. To lay out the  
control ground, it is recommended to use short traces as well, separated from the power ground traces. This  
avoids ground shift problems, which can occur due to superimposition of power ground current and control  
ground current.  
15  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
Layout Considerations (continued)  
L1  
V
5 V  
CC  
VOUT  
FB  
SW  
6.8 µH  
Boost Output  
C2  
2.2 µF  
C3  
220 µF  
VBAT  
Battery  
Input  
R1  
R2  
C1  
EN  
10 µF  
R6  
LBI  
SYNC  
GND  
LBO  
LBO  
PGND  
TPS61032  
List of Components:  
U1 = TPS6103xPWP  
L1 = Sumida CDRH124–6R8  
C1, C2 = X7R,X5R Ceramic  
C3 = Low ESR Tantalum  
Figure 19. Power Supply Solution for Maximum Output Power  
V
10 V  
CC2  
C5  
Unregulated  
Auxiliary Output  
DS1  
C6  
1 µF  
0.1 µF  
L1  
V
5 V  
SW  
CC1  
VOUT  
FB  
6.8 µH  
Boost Main Output  
C2  
2.2 µF  
C3  
220 µF  
VBAT  
EN  
Battery  
Input  
R1  
C3  
10 µF  
R6  
LBI  
R2  
SYNC  
GND  
LBO  
LBO  
PGND  
List of Components:  
U1 = TPS6103xPWP  
TPS61032  
L1 = Sumida CDRH124–6R8  
C3, C5, C6, = X7R,X5R Ceramic  
C3 = Low ESR Tantalum  
DS1 = BAT54S  
Figure 20. Power Supply Solution With Auxiliary Positive Output Voltage  
16  
TPS61030  
TPS61031, TPS61032  
www.ti.com  
SLUS534DSEPTEMBER 2002REVISED APRIL 2004  
Layout Considerations (continued)  
V
–5 V  
CC2  
C5  
Unregulated  
Auxiliary Output  
DS1  
C6  
1 µF  
0.1 µF  
L1  
V
5 V  
SW  
CC1  
VOUT  
6.8 µH  
Boost Main Output  
C2  
2.2 µF  
C3  
220 µF  
VBAT  
EN  
Battery  
Input  
R1  
C1  
10 µF  
R6  
FB  
LBI  
R2  
SYNC  
GND  
LBO  
LBO  
PGND  
TPS61032  
List of Components:  
U1 = TPS6103xPWP  
L1 = Sumida CDRH124–6R8  
C1, C2, C5, C6 = X7R,X5R Ceramic  
C3 = Low ESR Tantalum  
DS1 = BAT54S  
Figure 21. Power Supply Solution With Auxiliary Negative Output Voltage  
THERMAL INFORMATION  
Implementation of integrated circuits in low-profile and fine-pitch surface-mount packages typically requires  
special attention to power dissipation. Many system-dependent issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added  
heat sinks and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components affect the  
power-dissipation limits of a given component.  
Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are listed below:  
Improving the power dissipation capability of the PCB design  
Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PCB  
Introducing airflow in the system  
The maximum junction temperature (TJ) of the TPS6103x devices is 125°C. The thermal resistance of the 16-pin  
TSSOP PowerPAD package (PWP) is RΘJA = 36.5 °C/W (QFN package, RSA, 38.1 °C/W), if the PowerPAD is  
soldered. Specified regulator operation is assured to a maximum ambient temperature TA of 85°C. Therefore, the  
maximum power dissipation for the PWP package is about 1096 mW, for the RSA package it is about 1050 mW.  
More power can be dissipated if the maximum ambient temperature of the application is lower.  
T
* T  
J(MAX)  
R
A
125°C * 85°C  
36.5°CńW  
P
+
+
D(MAX)  
qJA  
17  
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM  
www.ti.com  
16-Jul-2010  
PACKAGING INFORMATION  
Status (1)  
Eco Plan (2)  
MSL Peak Temp (3)  
Samples  
Orderable Device  
Package Type Package  
Drawing  
Pins  
Package Qty  
Lead/  
Ball Finish  
(Requires Login)  
TPS61030PWP  
TPS61030PWPG4  
TPS61030PWPR  
TPS61030PWPRG4  
TPS61030RSAR  
TPS61030RSARG4  
TPS61031PWP  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
QFN  
PWP  
PWP  
PWP  
PWP  
RSA  
RSA  
PWP  
PWP  
PWP  
PWP  
RSA  
RSA  
PWP  
PWP  
PWP  
PWP  
RSA  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
90  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
Purchase Samples  
90  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
Purchase Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
2000  
2000  
3000  
3000  
90  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
QFN  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
QFN  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Contact TI Distributor  
or Sales Office  
TPS61031PWPG4  
TPS61031PWPR  
TPS61031PWPRG4  
TPS61031RSAR  
TPS61031RSARG4  
TPS61032PWP  
90  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Contact TI Distributor  
or Sales Office  
2000  
2000  
3000  
3000  
90  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Purchase Samples  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
QFN  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
HTSSOP  
QFN  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
TPS61032PWPG4  
TPS61032PWPR  
TPS61032PWPRG4  
TPS61032RSAR  
90  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Purchase Samples  
2000  
2000  
3000  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Request Free Samples  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Addendum-Page 1  
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM  
www.ti.com  
16-Jul-2010  
Status (1)  
Eco Plan (2)  
MSL Peak Temp (3)  
Samples  
Orderable Device  
Package Type Package  
Drawing  
Pins  
Package Qty  
Lead/  
Ball Finish  
(Requires Login)  
TPS61032RSARG4  
ACTIVE  
QFN  
RSA  
16  
3000  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR  
Request Free Samples  
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:  
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.  
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.  
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.  
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.  
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.  
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability  
information and additional product content details.  
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.  
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that  
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.  
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between  
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.  
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight  
in homogeneous material)  
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.  
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information  
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and  
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.  
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.  
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.  
Addendum-Page 2  
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION  
www.ti.com  
15-Mar-2010  
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION  
*All dimensions are nominal  
Device  
Package Package Pins  
Type Drawing  
SPQ  
Reel  
Reel  
A0  
B0  
K0  
P1  
W
Pin1  
Diameter Width (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Quadrant  
(mm) W1 (mm)  
TPS61030PWPR  
TPS61030RSAR  
TPS61031PWPR  
TPS61031RSAR  
TPS61032PWPR  
TPS61032RSAR  
HTSSOP PWP  
QFN RSA  
HTSSOP PWP  
QFN RSA  
HTSSOP PWP  
QFN RSA  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
2000  
3000  
2000  
3000  
2000  
3000  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
12.4  
12.4  
12.4  
12.4  
12.4  
12.4  
6.9  
4.3  
6.9  
4.3  
6.9  
4.3  
5.6  
4.3  
5.6  
4.3  
5.6  
4.3  
1.6  
1.5  
1.6  
1.5  
1.6  
1.5  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
8.0  
12.0  
12.0  
12.0  
12.0  
12.0  
12.0  
Q1  
Q2  
Q1  
Q2  
Q1  
Q2  
Pack Materials-Page 1  
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION  
www.ti.com  
15-Mar-2010  
*All dimensions are nominal  
Device  
Package Type Package Drawing Pins  
SPQ  
Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)  
TPS61030PWPR  
TPS61030RSAR  
TPS61031PWPR  
TPS61031RSAR  
TPS61032PWPR  
TPS61032RSAR  
HTSSOP  
QFN  
PWP  
RSA  
PWP  
RSA  
PWP  
RSA  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
16  
2000  
3000  
2000  
3000  
2000  
3000  
346.0  
340.5  
346.0  
340.5  
346.0  
340.5  
346.0  
333.0  
346.0  
333.0  
346.0  
333.0  
29.0  
20.6  
29.0  
20.6  
29.0  
20.6  
HTSSOP  
QFN  
HTSSOP  
QFN  
Pack Materials-Page 2  
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