ISL6420AIR [RENESAS]

0.05A SWITCHING CONTROLLER, 1400kHz SWITCHING FREQ-MAX, PQCC20, 4 X 4 MM, PLASTIC, MO-220VGGD-1, QFN-20;
ISL6420AIR
型号: ISL6420AIR
厂家: RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORP    RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORP
描述:

0.05A SWITCHING CONTROLLER, 1400kHz SWITCHING FREQ-MAX, PQCC20, 4 X 4 MM, PLASTIC, MO-220VGGD-1, QFN-20

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文件: 总21页 (文件大小:577K)
中文:  中文翻译
下载:  下载PDF数据表文档文件
Advanced Single Synchronous Buck Pulse-Width  
Modulation (PWM) Controller  
ISL6420A  
Features  
• Operates From:  
- 4.5V to 5.5V Input  
- 5.5V to 28V Input  
The ISL6420A simplifies the implementation of a  
complete control and protection scheme for a  
high-performance DC/DC buck converter. It is designed  
to drive N-Channel MOSFETs in a synchronous rectified  
buck topology. The ISL6420A integrates control, output  
adjustment, monitoring and protection functions into a  
single package. Additionally, the IC features an  
external reference voltage tracking mode for externally  
referenced buck converter applications and DDR  
termination supplies, as well as a voltage margining  
mode for system testing in networking DC/DC  
converter applications.  
• 0.6V Internal Reference Voltage  
- ±1.0% Reference Accuracy  
• Resistor-Selectable Switching Frequency  
- 100kHz to 1.4MHz  
• Voltage Margining and External Reference Tracking  
Modes  
• Output can Sink or Source Current  
The ISL6420A provides simple, single feedback loop,  
voltage mode control with fast transient response. The  
output voltage of the converter can be precisely  
regulated to as low as 0.6V.  
• Lossless, Programmable Overcurrent Protection  
- Uses Upper MOSFET’s r  
DS(ON)  
• Programmable Soft-Start  
• Drives N-Channel MOSFETs  
• Simple Single-Loop Control Design  
- Voltage-Mode PWM Control  
The operating frequency is fully adjustable from  
100kHz to 1.4MHz. High frequency operation offers  
cost and space savings.  
The error amplifier features a 15MHz gain-bandwidth  
product and 6V/µs slew rate that enables high  
converter bandwidth for fast transient response. The  
PWM duty cycle ranges from 0% to 100% in transient  
conditions. Selecting the capacitor value from the  
ENSS pin to ground sets a fully adjustable PWM  
soft-start. Pulling the ENSS pin LOW disables the  
controller.  
• Fast Transient Response  
- High-Bandwidth Error Amplifier  
- Full 0% to 100% Duty Cycle  
• Extensive Circuit Protection Functions  
- PGOOD, Overvoltage, Overcurrent, Shutdown  
• Diode Emulation during Startup for Pre-Biased  
Load Applications  
The ISL6420A monitors the output voltage and  
generates a PGOOD (power good) signal when  
soft-start sequence is complete and the output is  
within regulation. A built-in overvoltage protection  
circuit prevents the output voltage from going above  
typically 115% of the set point. Protection from  
overcurrent conditions is provided by monitoring the  
• Offered in 20 Ld QFN and QSOP Packages  
• QFN (4x4) Package  
- QFN compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220  
QFN -Quad Flat No Leads - Product Outline  
- QFN Near Chip Scale Package Footprint;  
Improves PCB Efficiency, Thinner in Profile  
r
of the upper MOSFET to inhibit the PWM  
DS(ON)  
• Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant)  
operation appropriately. This approach simplifies the  
implementation and improves efficiency by eliminating  
the need for a current sensing resistor.  
Applications  
• Power Supplies for Microprocessors/ASICs  
- Embedded Controllers  
- DSP and Core Processors  
- DDR SDRAM Bus Termination  
• Ethernet Routers and Switchers  
• High-Power DC/DC Regulators  
• Distributed DC/DC Power Architecture  
• Personal Computer Peripherals  
• Externally Referenced Buck Converters  
December 4, 2009  
FN9169.4  
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.  
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.  
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2005, 2008, 2009. All Rights Reserved  
1
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.  
ISL6420A  
Ordering Information  
PART NUMBER  
(Notes 2, 3)  
PART  
MARKING  
TEMP.  
RANGE (°C)  
PACKAGE  
(Pb-Free)  
PKG.  
DWG. #  
ISL6420AIAZ  
6420 AIAZ  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
-40 to +85  
20 Ld QSOP  
M20.15  
ISL6420AIAZ-TK (Note 1)  
ISL6420AIRZ  
6420 AIAZ  
64 20AIRZ  
64 20AIRZ  
20 Ld QSOP (Tape and Reel)  
20 Ld 4x4 QFN  
M20.15  
L20.4x4  
ISL6420AIRZ-TK (Note 1)  
20 Ld 4x4 QFN (Tape and Reel) L20.4x4  
NOTES:  
1. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.  
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach  
materials, and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both  
SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that  
meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.  
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL6240A For more information on MSL please  
see techbrief TB363.  
Pin Configurations  
ISL6420A  
(20 LD QFN)  
TOP VIEW  
ISL6420A  
(20 LD QSOP)  
TOP VIEW  
1
PGOOD  
ENSS  
CDEL  
PGND  
20  
19  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20 19 18 17 16  
LGATE  
18 COMP  
17 FB  
PVCC  
GPIO2  
GPIO1/REFIN  
OCSET  
1
2
3
4
5
15 PGND  
14 CDEL  
13 PGOOD  
12 ENSS  
11 COMP  
PHASE  
16 RT  
UGATE  
SGND  
VIN  
15  
14  
BOOT  
GPIO2  
13 VCC5  
12  
REFOUT  
GPIO1/REFIN  
VMSET/MODE  
VMSET/MODE  
OCSET 10  
11 REFOUT  
6
7
8
9
10  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
2
Block Diagram  
VIN  
VCC5  
ENSS  
10µA  
INTERNAL SERIES  
LINEAR  
REFOUT  
POWER-ON  
OCSET  
ENSS  
RESET (POR)  
INTERNAL  
0.6V  
OTP  
SSDONE  
100µA  
BOOT  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
UGATE  
SSDONE  
VOLTAGE  
MARGINING  
CONTROL  
FAULT LOGIC  
SSDONE  
VMSET/MODE  
PHASE  
GATE  
CONTROL  
LOGIC  
CDEL  
PWM  
COMP  
SS  
REF  
PVCC  
V
FB  
EA  
LGATE  
PGND  
COMP  
OSCILLATOR  
PGOOD  
OV/UV  
COMP  
PGOOD  
COMP  
SGND  
EP (QFN ONLY)  
RT  
ISL6420A  
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5V ±10%  
C
6
C
1
C
C
C
3
5
2
C
4
VCC5  
VIN  
PVCC  
D
1
9
R
1
OCSET  
BOOT  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
Q
1
C
UGATE  
PHASE  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
OSC  
C
7
R
2
L
1
0.1µF  
REF  
V
OUT  
C
8
SGND  
FB  
Q
LGATE  
PGND  
2
-
C
10  
+
+
-
R
3
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
C
11  
R
6
C
R
12  
5
C
13  
VOLTAGE MARGINING ENABLED WITH INTERNAL V  
SEE PAGE 12 FOR MORE DETAILS  
R
REF  
4
Typical 5.5V to 28V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5.5V to 28V  
C
6
C
1
C
C
C
5
3
2
C
4
VIN VCC5  
PVCC  
D
1
R
1
OCSET  
BOOT  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
Q
1
UGATE  
PHASE  
C
9
PGOOD  
CDEL  
OSC  
C
7
R
2
L
1
0.1µF  
REF  
V
OUT  
C
8
SGND  
FB  
Q
LGATE  
PGND  
C
2
-
10  
+
+
-
R
3
COMP  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
C
R
11  
R
6
C
12  
5
C
13  
R
4
VOLTAGE MARGINING ENABLED WITH INTERNAL V  
SEE PAGE 12 FOR MORE DETAILS  
REF  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
4
ISL6420A  
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5V ±10%  
C6  
C
1
C
C
3
C
5
2
C
4
D
PVCC  
VIN  
VCC5  
1
R
1
OCSET  
BOOT  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
Q
1
C
8
CDEL  
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
R
C
2
7
L
PGOOD  
1
REF  
2.5V/1.25V  
SGND  
FB  
LGATE  
PGND  
Q
2
-
+
C
9
+
-
COMP  
R
3
C
10  
GPIO1/REFIN <-- V  
REF  
= VDDQ/2  
1.25V V  
REF  
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY  
C
11  
R
5
C
12  
R
4
VCC5  
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS  
Typical 5.5V to 28V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5.5V to 28V  
C
6
C
1
C
C
3
C
5
2
C
4
D
VIN  
VCC5  
PVCC  
1
R
1
OCSET  
BOOT  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
Q
1
C
UGATE  
PHASE  
8
CDEL  
OSC  
R
C7  
2
L
PGOOD  
1
REF  
2.5V/1.25V  
SGND  
FB  
Q
LGATE  
PGND  
2
-
+
C
9
+
-
R
3
COMP  
C
C
10  
GPIO1/REFIN <-- V  
= VDDQ/2  
REF  
1.25V V  
REF  
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY  
11  
R
5
R
4
VCC5  
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
5
ISL6420A  
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5V ±10%  
C
6
C
1
C
C
C
5
3
2
C
4
VCC5  
VIN  
PVCC  
D
1
R
1
OCSET  
BOOT  
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
Q
1
C
9
UGATE  
PHASE  
OSC  
C7  
0.1µF  
R
2
L
1
REF  
V
OUT  
C
8
SGND  
FB  
Q
LGATE  
PGND  
C
10  
2
-
+
+
-
R
3
COMP  
C
11  
C
12  
R
5
USE INTERNAL V  
VOLTAGE MARGINING  
SEE PAGE 12 FOR MORE DETAILS  
WITH NO  
REF  
C13  
R
4
Typical 5.5V to 28V Input DC/DC Application Schematic  
5.5V to 28V  
C
6
C
1
C
C
C
5
3
2
C
4
VCC5  
VIN  
PVCC  
D
1
R
OCSET  
BOOT  
1
MONITOR AND  
PROTECTION  
ENSS  
RT  
Q
1
C
9
UGATE  
PHASE  
PGOOD  
CDEL  
OSC  
C7  
0.1µF  
R
2
L
1
REF  
V
OUT  
C
8
SGND  
Q
LGATE  
PGND  
2
C
10  
-
+
+
F
B
-
COMP  
R
3
C
11  
C
12  
R
5
USE INTERNAL V  
VOLTAGE MARGINING  
WITH NO  
REF  
SEE PAGE 12 FOR MORE DETAILS  
C
13  
R
4
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
6
ISL6420A  
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4)  
Thermal Information  
Bias Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +30V  
BOOT and U Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +36V  
Thermal Resistance (Typical)  
θ
(°C/W) θ (°C/W)  
JC  
JA  
GATE  
QFN Package (Notes 5, 6) . . . . . . .  
QSOP Package (Note 5) . . . . . . . .  
47  
90  
8.5  
NA  
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . +150°C  
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . -65°C to +150°C  
Ambient Temperature Range . -40°C to +85°C (for “I” suffix)  
Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +125°C  
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below  
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp  
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact  
product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.  
NOTES:  
4. All voltages are with respect to GND.  
5. θ is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach”  
JA  
features. See Tech Brief TB379.  
6. For θ , the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.  
JC  
Electrical Specifications  
Operating Conditions: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, T = +25°C. Boldface limits  
apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C.  
A
MIN  
MAX  
PARAMETER  
VIN SUPPLY  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
(Note 12) TYP (Note 12) UNITS  
Input Voltage Range  
5.6  
12  
28  
V
VIN SUPPLY CURRENT  
Shutdown Current (Note 7)  
Operating Current (Notes 7, 8)  
VCC5 SUPPLY (Notes 8, 9)  
Input Voltage Range  
ENSS = GND  
-
-
1.4  
2.0  
-
mA  
mA  
3.0  
VIN = VCC5 for 5V configuration  
4.5  
4.5  
50  
5.0  
5.0  
-
5.5  
5.5  
-
V
V
Output Voltage  
VIN = 5.6V to 28V, I = 3mA to 50mA  
L
Maximum Output Current  
POWER-ON RESET  
VIN = 12V  
mA  
Rising VCC5 Threshold  
VIN connected to VCC5, 5V input  
operation  
4.310  
4.400  
4.475  
V
Falling VCC5 Threshold  
UVLO Threshold Hysteresis  
PWM CONVERTERS  
Maximum Duty Cycle  
Minimum Duty Cycle  
FB Pin Bias Current  
Undervoltage Protection  
Overvoltage Protection  
OSCILLATOR  
4.090  
0.16  
4.100  
-
4.250  
-
V
V
f
f
= 300kHz  
= 300kHz  
90  
-
96  
-
-
0
%
%
nA  
%
%
SW  
SW  
-
80  
-
-
V
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
Fraction of the set point; ~1µs noise filter  
75  
112  
85  
120  
UV  
V
-
OVP  
Free Running Frequency  
Total Variation  
RT = VCC5, T = -40°C to +85°C  
270  
-
300  
330  
-
kHz  
%
A
T = -40°C to +85°C, with frequency set  
A
by external resistor at RT  
±10%  
Frequency Range (Set by RT)  
Ramp Amplitude (Note 10)  
VIN = 12V  
100  
-
-
1400  
-
kHz  
ΔV  
1.25  
V
P-P  
OSC  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
7
 
 
ISL6420A  
Electrical Specifications  
Operating Conditions: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, T = +25°C. Boldface limits  
apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued)  
A
MIN  
MAX  
PARAMETER  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
(Note 12) TYP (Note 12) UNITS  
REFERENCE AND SOFT-START/ENABLE  
Internal Reference Voltage  
Soft-Start Current  
V
0.594  
-
10  
-
0.606  
V
µA  
V
REF  
I
-
1.0  
-
-
-
SS  
Soft-Start Threshold  
V
SOFT  
Enable Low  
-
1.0  
V
(Converter Disabled)  
PWM CONTROLLER GATE DRIVERS  
Gate Drive Peak Current  
Rise Time  
-
-
-
-
0.7  
20  
20  
20  
-
-
-
-
A
Co = 1000pF  
Co = 1000pF  
ns  
ns  
ns  
Fall Time  
Dead Time Between Drivers  
ERROR AMPLIFIER  
DC Gain (Note 10)  
-
-
88  
15  
-
-
dB  
Gain-Bandwidth Product  
(Note 10)  
GBW  
MHz  
Slew Rate (Note 10)  
SR  
-
6
-
V/µs  
mA  
COMP Souce/Sink Current  
(Note 10)  
±0.4  
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION  
OCSET Current Source  
I
V
= 4.5V  
OCSET  
80  
100  
120  
µA  
OCSET  
POWER-GOOD AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS  
Power-Good Lower Threshold  
Power-Good Higher Threshold  
PGOOD Leakage Current  
PGOOD Voltage Low  
V
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
Fraction of the set point; ~3µs noise filter  
-14  
-10  
-
-8  
16  
1
%
%
µA  
V
PG-  
V
9
-
-
-
-
-
PG+  
I
V
= 5.0V (Note 11)  
= 4mA  
-
PGLKG  
PULLUP  
I
-
0.5  
-
PGOOD  
PGOOD Delay  
CDEL = 0.1µF  
125  
2
ms  
µA  
V
CDEL Current for PGOOD  
CDEL Threshold  
CDEL threshold = 2.5V  
-
2.5  
-
EXTERNAL REFERENCE  
Min ExternalReference Input at  
GPIO1/REFIN  
V
V
= H, C  
= H, C  
= 2.2µF  
= 2.2µF  
-
-
0.600  
-
-
V
V
MSET/MODE  
MSET/MODE  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
Max External Reference Input  
at GPIO1/REFIN  
1.250  
REFERENCE BUFFER  
Buffered Output Voltage -  
Internal Reference  
V
V
V
V
I
C
= 1mA,V  
= High,  
0.583  
0.575  
1.227  
1.219  
0.595  
0.587  
1.246  
1.238  
0.607  
0.599  
1.265  
1.257  
V
V
V
V
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
MSET/MODE  
= 2.2µF, T = -40°C to +85°C  
A
Buffered Output Voltage -  
Internal Reference  
I
C
= 20mA,V  
= High,  
REFOUT  
REFOUT  
MSET/MODE  
= 2.2µF, T = -40°C to +85°C  
A
Buffered Output Voltage -  
External Reference  
V
V
= 1.25V, I  
= 1mA,  
REFOUT  
REFIN  
= High, C  
= 2.2µF  
MSET2/MODE  
REFOUT  
Buffered Output Voltage -  
External Reference  
V
V
= 1.25V, I  
= 20mA,  
= 2.2µF  
REFIN  
REFOUT  
= High,C  
MSET2/MODE  
REFOUT  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
8
ISL6420A  
Electrical Specifications  
Operating Conditions: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, T = +25°C. Boldface limits  
apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued)  
A
MIN  
MAX  
PARAMETER  
Current Drive Capability  
VOLTAGE MARGINING  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
(Note 12) TYP (Note 12) UNITS  
C
= 2.2µF  
20  
-
-
mA  
REFOUT  
Voltage Margining Range  
(Note 10)  
-10  
-
-
+10  
-
%
CDEL Current for Voltage  
Margining  
100  
µA  
Slew Time  
CDEL = 0.1µF, VMSET = 330kΩ  
-
-
2.5  
-
-
ms  
µA  
ISET1 on FB Pin  
VMSET = 330k,  
GPIO1 = L  
7.48  
GPIO2 = H  
ISET2 on FB Pin  
VMSET = 330k,  
GPIO1 = H  
-
7.48  
-
µA  
GPIO2 = L  
THERMAL SHUTDOWN  
Shutdown Temperature  
(Note 10)  
-
-
150  
20  
-
-
°C  
°C  
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis  
(Note 10)  
NOTES:  
7. The operating supply current and shutdown current specifications for 5V input are the same as VIN supply current specifications,  
i.e., 5.6V to 28V input conditions. These should also be tested with part configured for 5V input configuration, i.e., VIN = VCC5  
= PVCC = 5V.  
8. This is the V  
CC  
current consumed when the device is active but not switching. Does not include gate drive current.  
9. When the input voltage is 5.6V to 28V at VIN pin, the VCC5 pin provides a 5V output capable of 50mA (max) total from the  
internal LDO. When the input voltage is 5V, VCC5 pin will be used as a 5V input, the internal LDO regulator is disabled and the  
VIN must be connected to the VCC5. In both cases the PVCC pin should always be connected to VCC5 pin (refer to “Pin  
Descriptions” on page 11 for more details).  
10. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.  
11. It is recommended to use VCC5 as the pull-up source.  
12. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established  
by characterization and are not production tested.  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
9
ISL6420A  
Typical Performance Curves  
0.604  
320  
0.602  
0.600  
0.598  
0.596  
0.594  
310  
300  
290  
280  
270  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
FIGURE 1. V  
vs TEMPERATURE  
FIGURE 2. V  
vs TEMPERATURE  
REF  
SW  
94  
92  
90  
88  
86  
84  
82  
80  
1.15  
I
= 5A  
OUT  
1.05  
0.95  
0.85  
-40  
-15  
10  
35  
60  
85  
0
5
10  
15  
VIN (V)  
20  
25  
30  
TEMPERATURE (°C)  
FIGURE 3. I  
vs TEMPERATURE  
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs VIN  
OCSET  
+25°C, VIN = 28V, I = 1.367, I  
IN  
= 10A  
OUT  
FIGURE 5.  
FIGURE 6.  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
10  
ISL6420A  
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)  
98  
96  
94  
VIN = 5V  
VIN = 12V  
92  
90  
88  
86  
84  
82  
80  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 7. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT (V  
= 3.3V)  
OUT  
1400  
1300  
1200  
1100  
Pin Descriptions  
VIN  
This pin powers the controller and must be decoupled  
to ground using a ceramic capacitor as close as  
possible to the VIN pin.  
1000  
900  
800  
700  
600  
500  
400  
300  
200  
100  
0
TABLE 1. INPUT SUPPLY CONFIGURATION  
INPUT  
PIN CONFIGURATION  
5.5V to Connect the input to the VIN pin. The VCC5 pin  
28V  
will provide a 5V output from the internal LDO.  
Connect PVCC to VCC5.  
5V ±10% Connect the input to the VCC5 pin. Connect the  
PVCC and VIN pins to VCC5.  
0
25  
50  
75  
100  
125  
150  
RT (kΩ)  
FIGURE 8. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs RT  
SGND  
This pin provides the signal ground for the IC. Tie this  
pin to the ground plane through the lowest impedance  
connection.  
FB  
This pin is connected to the feedback resistor divider  
and provides the voltage feedback signal for the  
controller. This pin sets the output voltage of the  
converter.  
LGATE  
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for  
the lower MOSFET.  
COMP  
PHASE  
This pin is the error amplifier output pin. It is used as  
the compensation point for the PWM error amplifier.  
This pin is the junction point of the output filter  
inductor, the upper MOSFET source and the lower  
MOSFET drain. This pin is used to monitor the voltage  
drop across the upper MOSFET for overcurrent  
protection. This pin also provides a return path for the  
upper gate drive.  
PGOOD  
This pin provides a power good status. It is an open  
collector output used to indicate the status of the  
output voltage.  
UGATE  
RT  
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for  
the upper MOSFET.  
This is the oscillator frequency selection pin.  
Connecting this pin directly to VCC5 will select the  
oscillator free running frequency of 300kHz. By placing  
a resistor from this pin to GND, the oscillator frequency  
can be programmed from 100kHz to 1.4MHz. Figure 8  
shows the oscillator frequency vs. the RT resistance.  
BOOT  
This pin powers the upper MOSFET driver. Connect this  
pin to the junction of the bootstrap capacitor and the  
cathode of the bootstrap diode. The anode of the  
bootstrap diode is connected to the PVCC pin.  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
11  
 
ISL6420A  
CDEL  
GPIO1/REFIN  
The PGOOD signal can be delayed by a time  
This is a dual function pin. If VMSET/MODE is not  
connected to VCC5 then this pin serves as GPIO1.  
Refer to Table 3 for GPIO commands interpretation.  
proportional to a CDEL current of 2µA and the value of  
the capacitor connected between this pin and ground.  
A 0.1µF will typically provide 125ms delay. When in the  
Voltage Margining mode, the CDEL current is 100µA  
typical and provides the delay for the output voltage  
slew rate, 2.5ms typical for the 0.1µF capacitor.  
To use GPIO1/REFIN as input reference, connect  
VMSET/MODE to VCC5 and GPIO2 to SGND. Connect  
the desired reference voltage to the GPIO1/REFIN pin  
in the range of 0.6V to 1.25V.  
Connect GPIO1/REFIN and VMSET/MODE pins to  
VCC5, GPIO2 to SGND, the IC operates with the  
internal reference and no voltage margining function.  
PGND  
This pin provides the power ground for the IC. Tie this  
pin to the ground plane through the lowest impedance  
connection.  
REFOUT  
It provides buffered reference output for REFIN.  
Connect 2.2µF decoupling capacitor to this pin.  
PVCC  
This pin is the power connection for the gate drivers.  
Connect this pin to the VCC5 pin.  
VMSET/MODE  
This pin is a dual function pin. Tie this pin to VCC5 to  
disable voltage margining. When not tied to VCC5, this  
pin serves as VMSET. Connect a resistor from this pin  
to ground to set delta for voltage margining.  
VCC5  
This pin is the output of the internal 5V LDO. Connect a  
minimum of 4.7µF ceramic decoupling capacitor as  
close to the IC as possible at this pin. Refer to Table 1.  
If voltage margining and external reference tracking  
mode are not needed, VNSET/MODE, GPIO1/REFIN  
and GPIO2 all together can be tied directly to ground.  
ENSS  
This pin provides enable/disable function and soft-start  
for the PWM output. The output drivers are turned off  
when this pin is held below 1V.  
GPIO2  
This is general purpose IO pin for voltage margining.  
Refer to Table 3.  
OCSET  
Connect a resistor (R ) and a capacitor from this  
pin to the drain of the upper MOSFET. R , an  
internal 100µA current source (I  
MOSFET on resistance r  
OCSET  
Exposed Thermal Pad  
OCSET  
), and the upper  
This pad is electrically isolated. Connect this pad to the  
signal ground plane using at least five vias for a robust  
thermal conduction path.  
OCSET  
set the converter  
DS(ON)  
overcurrent (OC) trip point.  
TABLE 2. VOLTAGE MARGINING/DDR OR TRACKING SUPPLY PIN CONFIGURATION  
PIN CONFIGURATIONS  
FUNCTION/MODES  
VMSET/MODE  
REFOUT  
GPIO1/REFIN  
GPIO2  
Enable Voltage Margining  
Pin Connected to  
Connect a 2.2µF  
Serves as a general  
Serves as a general  
GND with resistor. It capacitor for bypass of purpose I/O. Refer to purposeI/O. Referto  
is used as VMSET.  
external reference.  
Table 3.  
Table 3.  
No Voltage Margining. Normal  
operation with internal reference.  
H
Connect a 2.2µF  
capacitor to GND.  
H (Note 14)  
L
L
Buffered V  
= 0.6V.  
REFOUT  
No Voltage Margining. External  
reference. Buffered  
H
Connect a 2.2µF  
capacitor to GND.  
Connect to an  
external reference  
voltage source (0.6V  
to 1.25V)  
V
= V  
REFOUT  
REFIN  
NOTES:  
13. The GPIO1/REFIN and GPIO2 pins cannot be left floating.  
14. Ensure that GPIO1/REFIN is tied high prior to the logic change at VMSET/MODE.  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
12  
 
ISL6420A  
TABLE 3. VOLTAGE MARGINING CONTROLLED BY  
GPIO1 AND GPIO2  
V
OUT  
GPIO1  
GPIO2  
VOUT  
No Change  
+ΔVOUT  
-ΔVOUT  
L
L
L
H
L
I
OUT  
PHASE  
H
H
H
Ignored  
ENSS  
Functional Description  
Initialization  
FIGURE 10. TYPICAL OVERCURRENT HICCUP MODE  
The ISL6420A automatically initializes upon receipt of  
power. The Power-On Reset (POR) function monitors  
the internal bias voltage generated from LDO output  
(VCC5) and the ENSS pin. The POR function initiates  
the soft-start operation after the VCC5 exceeds the  
POR threshold. The POR function inhibits operation  
with the chip disabled (ENSS pin <1V).  
Overcurrent Protection  
The overcurrent function protects the converter from  
a shorted output by using the upper MOSFET’s  
ON-resistance, r  
method enhances the converter’s efficiency and  
to monitor the current. This  
DS(ON)  
reduces cost by eliminating a current sensing resistor.  
The device can operate from an input supply voltage of  
5.5V to 28V connected directly to the VIN pin using the  
internal 5V linear regulator to bias the chip and supply  
the gate drivers. For 5V ±10% applications, connect  
VIN to VCC5 to bypass the linear regulator.  
The overcurrent function cycles the soft-start function  
in a hiccup mode to provide fault protection. A resistor  
connected to the drain of the upper FET and the  
OCSET pin programs the overcurrent trip level. The  
PHASE node voltage will be compared against the  
voltage on the OCSET pin, while the upper FET is on.  
A current (100µA typically) is pulled from the OCSET  
pin to establish the OCSET voltage. If PHASE is lower  
than OCSET while the upper FET is on then an  
overcurrent condition is detected for that clock cycle.  
The upper gate pulse is immediately terminated, and  
a counter is incremented. If an overcurrent condition  
is detected for 8 consecutive clock cycles, and the  
circuit is not in soft-start, the ISL6420A enters into  
the soft-start hiccup mode. During hiccup, the  
external capacitor on the ENSS pin is discharged.  
After the capacitor is discharged, it is released and a  
soft-start cycle is initiated. There are three dummy  
soft-start delay cycles to allow the MOSFETs to cool  
down, to keep the average power dissipation in hiccup  
mode at an acceptable level. At the fourth soft-start  
cycle, the output starts a normal soft-start cycle, and  
the output tries to ramp.  
Soft-Start/Enable  
The ISL6420A soft-start function uses an internal  
current source and an external capacitor to reduce  
stresses and surge current during start-up.  
When the output of the internal linear regulator  
reaches the POR threshold, the POR function initiates  
the soft-start sequence. An internal 10µA current  
source charges an external capacitor on the ENSS pin  
linearly from 0V to 3.3V.  
When the ENSS pin voltage reaches 1V typically, the  
internal 0.6V reference begins to charge following the  
dv/dt of the ENSS voltage. As the soft-start pin  
charges from 1V to 1.6V, the reference voltage charges  
from 0V to 0.6V. Figure 9 shows a typical soft-start  
sequence.  
VIN = 28V, V  
= 3.3V, I = 10A  
OUT  
OUT  
During soft-start, pulse termination current limiting is  
enabled, but the 8-cycle hiccup counter is held in reset  
until soft-start is completed. Figure 10 shows the  
overcurrent hiccup mode.  
The overcurrent function will trip at a peak inductor  
current (I ) determined from Equation 1, where  
OC  
I
is the internal OCSET current source.  
OCSET  
I
R  
OCSET  
OCSET  
(EQ. 1)  
---------------------------------------------------  
I
=
OC  
r
DS(ON)  
The OC trip point varies mainly due to the upper  
MOSFETs r variations. To avoid overcurrent  
DS(ON)  
tripping in the normal operating load range, find the  
resistor from Equation 1 with:  
R
OCSET  
FIGURE 9. TYPICAL SOFT-START WAVEFORM  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
13  
 
 
ISL6420A  
1. The maximum r  
temperature.  
at the highest junction  
DS(ON)  
VIN = 12V, V  
= 3.3V, NO LOAD  
OUT  
2. Determine I  
for I  
> I  
+ I) ⁄ 2 ,  
OUT(MAX)  
OC  
OC  
where ΔI is the output inductor ripple current.  
A small ceramic capacitor should be placed in parallel  
with R to smooth the voltage across R in  
OCSET  
OCSET  
the presence of switching noise on the input voltage.  
Voltage Margining  
The ISL6420A has a voltage margining mode that can  
be used for system testing. The voltage margining  
percentage is resistor selectable up to ±10%. The  
voltage margining mode can be enabled by connecting  
a margining set resistor from VMSET pin to ground and  
using the control pins GPIO1/2 to toggle between  
positive and negative margining (Refer to Table 2).  
With voltage margining enabled, the VMSET resistor to  
ground will set a current, which is switched to the FB  
pin. The current will be equal to 2.468V divided by the  
value of the external resistor tied to the VMSET pin.  
Use a resistor in the range of 150kΩ to 400kΩ for  
VMSET resistor.  
FIGURE 12A.  
VIN = 12V, V  
= 3.3V, NO LOAD  
OUT  
2.468V  
-----------------------  
I
=
(EQ. 2)  
VM  
R
VMSET  
R
FB  
-----------------------  
ΔV  
= 2.468V  
VM  
R
(EQ. 3)  
VMSET  
The power supply output increases when GPIO2 is  
HIGH and decreases when GPIO1 is HIGH. The amount  
that the output voltage of the power supply changes  
with voltage margining, will be equal to 2.468V x the  
ratio of the external feedback resistor and the external  
resistor tied to VMSET. Figure 11 shows the positive  
and negative margining for a 3.3V output, using a  
20.5kΩ feedback resistor and using various VMSET  
resistor values.  
FIGURE 12B.  
3.7  
3.6  
3.5  
3.4  
3.3  
3.2  
3.1  
VIN = 12V, V  
OUT  
= 3.3V, I = 10A  
OUT  
3.0  
2.9  
2.8  
150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400  
RVMSET (kΩ)  
FIGURE 11. VOLTAGE MARGINING vs. VMSET  
RESISTANCE  
FIGURE 13. PGOOD DELAY  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
14  
 
ISL6420A  
The slew time of the current is set by an external  
capacitor on the CDEL pin, which is charged and  
discharged with a 100µA current source. The change in  
voltage on the capacitor is 2.5V. This same capacitor is  
used to set the PGOOD active delay after soft-start.  
When PGOOD is low, the internal PGOOD circuitry uses  
the capacitor and when PGOOD is high, the voltage  
margining circuit uses the capacitor. The slew time for  
voltage margining can be in the range of 300µs to  
2ms.  
Undervoltage  
If the voltage on the FB pin is less than 15% of the  
reference voltage for 8 consecutive PWM cycles, then  
the circuit enters into soft-start hiccup mode. This  
mode is identical to the overcurrent hiccup mode.  
Overvoltage Protection  
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds the reference  
voltage by 15%, the lower gate driver is turned on  
continuously to discharge the output voltage. If the  
overvoltage condition continues for 32 consecutive  
PWM cycles, then the chip is turned off with the gate  
drivers tri-stated. The voltage on the FB pin will fall  
and reach the 15% undervoltage threshold. After 8  
clock cycles, the chip will enter soft-start hiccup  
mode. This mode is identical to the overcurrent hiccup  
mode.  
External Reference/DDR Supply  
The voltage margining can be disabled by connecting  
the VMSET/MODE to VCC5. In this mode, the chip can  
be configured to work with an external reference input  
and provide a buffered reference output.  
If VMSET/MODE pin and the GPIO1/REFIN pin are both  
tied to VCC5, then the internal 0.6V reference is used  
as the error amplifier non-inverting input. The buffered  
reference output on REFOUT will be 0.6V ±0.01V,  
capable of sourcing 20mA and sinking up to 50µA  
current with a 2.2µF capacitor connected to the  
REFOUT pin.  
Gate Control Logic  
The gate control logic translates generated PWM  
control signals into the MOSFET gate drive signals  
providing necessary amplification, level shifting and  
shoot-through protection. Also, it has functions that  
help optimize the IC performance over a wide range of  
operational conditions.  
If the VMSET/MODE pin is tied to high but  
GPIO1/REFIN is connected to an external voltage  
source between 0.6V to 1.25V, then this external  
voltage is used as the reference voltage at the positive  
input of the error amplifier. The buffered reference  
output on REFOUT will be Vrefin ±0.01V, capable of  
sourcing 20mA and sinking up to 50µA current with a  
2.2µF capacitor on the REFOUT pin.  
Since MOSFET switching time can vary dramatically  
from type to type and with the input voltage, the gate  
control logic provides adaptive dead time by  
monitoring the gate-to-source voltages of both upper  
and lower MOSFETs. The lower MOSFET is not turned  
on until the gate-to-source voltage of the upper  
MOSFET has decreased to less than approximately 1V.  
Similarly, the upper MOSFET is not turned on until the  
gate-to-source voltage of the lower MOSFET has  
decreased to less than approximately 1V. This allows a  
wide variety of upper and lower MOSFETs to be used  
without a concern for simultaneous conduction, or  
shoot-through.  
Power-Good  
The PGOOD pin can be used to monitor the status of  
the output voltage. PGOOD will be true (open drain)  
when the FB pin is within ±10% of the reference and  
the ENSS pin has completed its soft-start ramp.  
Additionally, a capacitor on the CDEL pin will set a  
delay for the PGOOD signal. After the ENSS pin  
completes its soft-start ramp, a 2µA current begins  
charging the CDEL capacitor to 2.5V. The capacitor will  
be quickly discharged before PGOOD goes high. The  
programmable delay can be used to sequence multiple  
converters or as a LOW-true reset signal.  
Start-up into Pre-Biased Load  
The ISL6420A is designed to power-up into a  
pre-biased load. This is achieved by transitioning from  
Diode Emulation mode to a Forced Continuous  
Conduction mode during start-up. The lower gate turns  
ON for a short period of time and the voltage on the  
phase pin is sensed. When this goes negative the lower  
gate is turned OFF and remains OFF till the next cycle.  
As a result, the inductor current will not go negative  
during soft-start and thus will not discharge the  
pre-biased load. The waveform for this condition is  
shown in Figure 14.  
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds ±10% of the  
reference, then PGOOD will go low after 1µs of noise  
filtering.  
Over-Temperature Protection  
The IC is protected against over-temperature  
conditions. When the junction temperature exceeds  
+150°C, the PWM shuts off. Normal operation is  
resumed when the junction temperature is cooled  
down to +130°C.  
Shutdown  
When ENSS pin is below 1V, the regulator is disabled  
with the PWM output drivers tri-stated. When disabled,  
the IC power will be reduced.  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
15  
ISL6420A  
VIN = 12V, V  
OUT  
= 3.3V at 25mA LOAD  
VIN  
ISL6420A  
UGATE  
Q1  
Q2  
L
O
V
OUT  
PHASE  
C
IN  
C
D2  
O
LGATE  
GND  
RETURN  
FIGURE 15. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER AND  
GROUND PLANES OR ISLANDS  
FIGURE 14. PREBIASED OUTPUT AT 25mA LOAD  
Application Guidelines  
Layout Considerations  
+VIN  
BOOT  
As in any high frequency switching converter, layout is  
very important. Switching current from one power  
device to another can generate voltage transients  
across the impedances of the interconnecting bond  
wires and circuit traces. These interconnecting  
impedances should be minimized by using wide, short  
printed circuit traces. The critical components should  
be located as close together as possible using ground  
plane construction or single point grounding.  
D
1
Q
1
L
O
C
BOOT  
PHASE  
+5V  
CC  
V
OUT  
ISL6420A  
ENSS  
C
Q
O
2
V
C
VCC  
C
SS  
GND  
Figure 15 shows the critical power components of the  
converter. To minimize the voltage overshoot the  
interconnecting wires indicated by heavy lines should  
be part of ground or power plane in a printed circuit  
board. The components shown in Figure 15 should be  
located as close together as possible. Please note that  
FIGURE 16. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SMALL  
SIGNAL LAYOUT GUIDELINES  
Feedback Compensation  
Figure 17 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for  
a synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output  
the capacitors C and C each represent numerous  
IN  
O
physical capacitors. Locate the ISL6420A within 3  
inches of the MOSFETs, Q and Q . The circuit traces  
1
2
voltage (V  
) is regulated to the Reference voltage  
) is  
OUT  
for the MOSFETs’ gate and source connections from the  
ISL6420A must be sized to handle up to 1A peak  
current.  
level. The error amplifier (Error Amp) output (V  
E/A  
compared with the oscillator (OSC) triangular wave to  
provide a pulse-width modulated (PWM) wave with an  
amplitude of VIN at the PHASE node. The PWM wave  
Figure 16 shows the circuit traces that require  
additional layout consideration. Use single point and  
ground plane construction for the circuits shown.  
Minimize any leakage current paths on the ENSS PIN  
is smoothed by the output filter (L and C ).  
O
O
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal  
transfer function of V /V . This function is  
OUT E/A  
dominated by a DC Gain and the output filter (L and  
and locate the capacitor, C close to the SS pin  
ss  
O
because the internal current source is only 10µA.  
C ), with a double pole break frequency at F and a  
O
LC  
Provide local V  
decoupling between VCC and GND  
pins. Locate the capacitor, C as close as practical  
CC  
zero at F  
. The DC Gain of the modulator is simply  
ESR  
BOOT  
the input voltage (VIN) divided by the peak-to-peak  
oscillator voltage ΔV  
to the BOOT and PHASE pins.  
.
OSC  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
16  
ISL6420A  
Compensation Break Frequency Equations  
VIN  
OSC  
DRIVER  
DRIVER  
1
----------------------------------  
F
=
PWM  
(EQ. 6)  
(EQ. 7)  
Z1  
P1  
2π • R2 C1  
L
O
COMPARATOR  
V
OUT  
-
PHASE  
1
+
ΔV  
------------------------------------------------------  
F
=
OSC  
C
O
C1 C2  
C1 + C2  
----------------------  
2π • R2 •  
ESR  
(PARASITIC)  
Z
FB  
1
-----------------------------------------------------  
F
F
=
V
(EQ. 8)  
(EQ. 9)  
E/A  
Z2  
P2  
2π • (R1 + R3) • C3  
Z
-
IN  
+
REFERENCE  
ERROR  
AMP  
1
----------------------------------  
=
2π • R3 C3  
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth  
ST  
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS  
2. Place 1  
(~75% F  
Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole  
)
LC  
ND  
Z
FB  
V
OUT  
3. Place 2  
4. Place 1  
5. Place 2  
Zero at Filter’s Double Pole  
Pole at the ESR Zero  
C
2
Z
IN  
ST  
C
C
R
1
3
R
3
ND  
2
Pole at Half the Switching Frequency  
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop  
Gain  
R
1
COMP  
FB  
7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary  
-
+
R
Figure 18 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC  
converter’s gain vs. frequency. The actual Modulator  
Gain has a high gain peak due to the high Q factor of  
the output filter and is not shown in Figure 18. Using  
the previously mentioned guidelines should give a  
Compensation Gain similar to the curve plotted. The  
open loop error amplifier gain bounds the  
4
ISL6420A  
REF  
R
1
V
= V  
× 1 + ------  
OUT  
REF  
R
4
FIGURE 17. VOLTAGE - MODE BUCK CONVERTER  
COMPENSATION DESIGN  
compensation gain. Check the compensation gain at  
F
with the capabilities of the error amplifier. The Loop  
P2  
Gain is constructed on the log-log graph of Figure 18  
by adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to the  
Compensation Gain (in dB). This is equivalent to  
multiplying the modulator transfer function to the  
compensation transfer function and plotting the gain.  
Modulator Break Frequency Equations  
1
--------------------------------------  
F
=
(EQ. 4)  
LC  
2π •  
L
C  
O
O
1
100  
--------------------------------------------  
F
=
(EQ. 5)  
F
F
P1  
F
ESR  
F
P2  
Z2  
Z1  
2π • (ESR C  
)
O
80  
60  
OPEN LOOP  
ERROR AMP GAIN  
The compensation network consists of the error  
amplifier (internal to the ISL6420A) and the  
40  
impedance networks Z and Z . The goal of the  
20LOG  
(R2/R1)  
IN FB  
compensation network is to provide a closed loop  
transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing  
20  
20LOG  
(VIN/ΔV  
)
OSC  
0
frequency (f  
) and adequate phase margin. Phase  
0dB  
COMPENSATION  
GAIN  
margin is the difference between the closed loop phase  
at f and 180°. The following equations relate the  
MODULATOR  
GAIN  
-20  
-40  
-60  
0dB  
compensation network’s poles, zeros and gain to the  
components (R , R , R , C , C , and C ) in Figure 17.  
CLOSED LOOP  
GAIN  
F
LC  
F
ESR  
100k  
FREQUENCY (Hz)  
1
2
3
1
2
3
Use the following guidelines for locating the poles and  
10  
100  
1k  
10k  
1M  
10M  
zeros of the compensation network.  
FIGURE 18. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER  
GAIN  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
17  
 
ISL6420A  
The compensation gain uses external impedance  
current and the output capacitors ESR. The ripple  
networks Z and Z to provide a stable, high  
voltage and current are approximated by Equations 10  
and 11:  
FB IN  
bandwidth (BW) overall loop. A stable control loop has  
a gain crossing with -20dB/decade slope and a phase  
margin greater than 45°. Include worst case  
V
- V  
V
OUT OUT  
IN  
------------------------------- ---------------  
ΔI =  
(EQ. 10)  
L
Fs x L  
V
IN  
component variations when determining phase margin.  
ΔV  
= ΔI ESR  
(EQ. 11)  
OUT  
L
Component Selection  
Guidelines  
Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple  
current and voltage. However, larger inductance values  
reduce the converter’s response time to a load  
transient.  
Output Capacitor Selection  
An output capacitor is required to filter the output and  
supply the load transient current. The filtering  
requirements are a function of the switching frequency  
and the ripple current. The load transient requirements  
are a function of the slew rate (di/dt) and the  
magnitude of the transient load current. These  
requirements are generally met with a mix of  
capacitors and careful layout.  
One of the parameters limiting the converter’s  
response to a load transient is the time required to  
change the inductor current. Given a sufficiently fast  
control loop design, the ISL6420A will provide either  
0% or 100% duty cycle in response to a load transient.  
The response time is the time required to slew the  
inductor current from an initial current value to the  
transient current level. During this interval the  
difference between the inductor current and the  
transient current level must be supplied by the output  
capacitor. Minimizing the response time can minimize  
the output capacitance required.  
Modern microprocessors produce transient load rates  
above 1A/ns. High frequency capacitors initially supply  
the transient and slow the current load rate seen by  
the bulk capacitors. The bulk filter capacitor values are  
generally determined by the ESR (effective series  
resistance) and voltage rating requirements rather  
than actual capacitance requirements.  
The response time to a transient is different for the  
application of load and the removal of load. Equations  
12 and 13 give the approximate response time interval  
for application and removal of a transient load:  
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed  
as close to the power pins of the load as physically  
possible. Be careful not to add inductance in the circuit  
board wiring that could cancel the usefulness of these  
low inductance components. Consult with the  
manufacturer of the load on specific decoupling  
requirements. For example, Intel recommends that the  
high frequency decoupling for the Pentium Pro be  
composed of at least forty (40) 1.0µF ceramic  
capacitors in the 1206 surface-mount package.  
L
× I  
TRAN  
O
-------------------------------  
t
=
(EQ. 12)  
(EQ. 13)  
RISE  
FALL  
V
V  
OUT  
IN  
L
× I  
O
TRAN  
------------------------------  
t
=
V
OUT  
where: I  
TRAN  
the response time to the application of load, and t  
is the transient load current step, t  
RISE  
is  
FALL  
is the response time to the removal of load. With a  
+5V input source, the worst case response time can be  
either at the application or removal of load and  
dependent upon the output voltage setting. Be sure to  
check both of these equations at the minimum and  
maximum output levels for the worst case response  
time.  
Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended  
for switching-regulator applications for the bulk  
capacitors. The bulk capacitor’s ESR will determine  
the output ripple voltage and the initial voltage drop  
after a high slew-rate transient. An aluminum  
electrolytic capacitor's ESR value is related to the  
case size with lower ESR available in larger case  
sizes. However, the equivalent series inductance (ESL)  
of these capacitors increases with case size and can  
reduce the usefulness of the capacitor to high slew-rate  
transient loading. Unfortunately, ESL is not a specified  
parameter. Work with your capacitor supplier and  
measure the capacitor’s impedance with frequency to  
select a suitable component. In most cases, multiple  
electrolytic capacitors of small case size perform better  
than a single large case capacitor.  
Input Capacitor Selection  
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the  
voltage overshoot across the MOSFETs. Use small  
ceramic capacitors for high frequency decoupling and  
bulk capacitors to supply the current needed each  
time Q turns on. Place the small ceramic capacitors  
1
physically close to the MOSFETs and between the  
drain of Q and the source of Q .  
1
2
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor  
are the voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For  
reliable operation, select the bulk capacitor with  
voltage and current ratings above the maximum input  
voltage and largest RMS current required by the circuit.  
The capacitor voltage rating should be at least 1.25 x  
Output Inductor Selection  
The output inductor is selected to meet the output  
voltage ripple requirements and minimize the  
converter’s response time to the load transients. The  
inductor value determines the converter’s ripple  
current and the ripple voltage is a function of the ripple  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
18  
 
 
 
 
ISL6420A  
greater than the maximum input voltage and a voltage  
Schottky Selection  
rating of 1.5 x is a conservative guideline. The RMS  
current rating requirement for the input capacitor of a  
buck regulator is approximately 1/2 the DC load current.  
Equation 14 shows a more specific formula for  
determining the input ripple:  
Rectifier D is a clamp that catches the negative  
2
inductor swing during the dead time between turning off  
the lower MOSFET and turning on the upper MOSFET.  
The diode must be a Schottky type to prevent the  
parasitic MOSFET body diode from conducting. It is  
acceptable to omit the diode and let the body diode of  
the lower MOSFET clamp the negative inductor swing,  
but efficiency will drop one or two percent as a result.  
The diode's rated reverse breakdown voltage must be  
greater than the maximum input voltage.  
2
I
= I  
MAX  
(D D )  
(EQ. 14)  
RMS  
For a through hole design, several electrolytic capacitors  
(Panasonic HFQ series or Nichicon PL series or Sanyo  
MV-GX or equivalent) may be needed. For surface mount  
designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, but  
caution must be exercised with regard to the capacitor  
surge current rating. These capacitors must be capable  
of handling the surge-current at power-up. The TPS  
series available from AVX, and the 593D series from  
Sprague are both surge current tested.  
MOSFET Selection/Considerations  
The ISL6420A requires 2 N-Channel power MOSFETs.  
These should be selected based upon r  
, gate  
DS(ON)  
supply requirements, and thermal management  
requirements.  
In high-current applications, the MOSFET power  
dissipation, package selection and heatsink are the  
dominant design factors. The power dissipation includes  
two loss components; conduction loss and switching loss.  
The conduction losses are the largest component of  
power dissipation for both the upper and the lower  
MOSFETs. These losses are distributed between the two  
MOSFETs according to duty factor (see Equations 15 and  
16). Only the upper MOSFET has switching losses, since  
the Schottky rectifier clamps the switching node before  
the synchronous rectifier turns on.  
2
O
1
2
--  
P
P
= I r  
D +  
I
V t f  
IN sw sw  
(EQ. 15)  
UFET  
LFET  
DS(ON)  
DS(ON)  
O
2
= I r  
⋅ (1 D)  
(EQ. 16)  
O
Where D is the duty cycle = Vo/VIN, t  
SW  
is the switching  
is the switching frequency.  
interval, and f  
SW  
These equations assume linear voltage-current  
transitions and do not adequately model power loss due  
the reverse recovery of the lower MOSFET’s body diode.  
The gate-charge losses are dissipated by the ISL6420A  
and don't heat the MOSFETs. However, large  
gate-charge increases the switching interval, t  
which  
SW  
increases the upper MOSFET switching losses. Ensure  
that both MOSFETs are within their maximum junction  
temperature at high ambient temperature by calculating  
the temperature rise according to package  
thermal-resistance specifications. A separate heatsink  
may be necessary depending upon MOSFET power,  
package type, ambient temperature and air flow.  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
19  
 
 
 
ISL6420A  
Package Outline Drawing  
L20.4x4  
20 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE  
Rev 1, 11/06  
4X  
2.0  
4.00  
0.50  
16X  
A
6
B
16  
20  
PIN #1 INDEX AREA  
6
PIN 1  
INDEX AREA  
1
15  
2 . 10 ± 0 . 15  
11  
5
(4X)  
0.15  
6
10  
0.10 M  
C
A B  
4
0.25 +0.05 / -0.07  
TOP VIEW  
20X 0.6 +0.15 / -0.25  
BOTTOM VIEW  
SEE DETAIL "X"  
C
0.10  
0 . 90 ± 0 . 1  
C
BASE PLANE  
( 3. 6 TYP )  
(
SEATING PLANE  
0.08 C  
( 20X 0 . 5 )  
2. 10 )  
SIDE VIEW  
0 . 2 REF  
( 20X 0 . 25 )  
( 20X 0 . 8)  
5
C
0 . 00 MIN.  
0 . 05 MAX.  
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN  
DETAIL "X"  
NOTES:  
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.  
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.  
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.  
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05  
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured  
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.  
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.  
5.  
6.  
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be  
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 indentifier may be  
either a mold or mark feature.  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
20  
ISL6420A  
Shrink Small Outline Plastic Packages (SSOP)  
Quarter Size Outline Plastic Packages (QSOP)  
M20.15  
N
20 LEAD SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE  
(0.150” WIDE BODY)  
INDEX  
AREA  
0.25(0.010M) B M  
H
E
GAUGE  
PLANE  
INCHES  
MIN  
MILLIMETERS  
SYM-  
BOL  
-B-  
MAX  
0.069  
0.010  
0.061  
0.012  
0.010  
0.344  
0.157  
MIN  
1.35  
0.10  
-
MAX NOTES  
A
A1  
A2  
B
0.053  
0.004  
-
1.75  
0.25  
1.54  
0.30  
0.25  
8.74  
3.98  
-
1
2
3
-
L
0.25  
0.010  
SEATING PLANE  
A
-
-A-  
0.008  
0.007  
0.337  
0.150  
0.20  
0.18  
8.56  
3.81  
9
D
h x 45°  
C
-
-C-  
D
E
3
α
4
A2  
e
A1  
C
e
0.025 BSC  
0.635 BSC  
-
B
0.10(0.004)  
H
h
0.228  
0.0099  
0.016  
0.244  
0.0196  
0.050  
5.80  
0.26  
0.41  
6.19  
0.49  
1.27  
-
0.17(0.007M)  
C A M B S  
5
NOTES:  
L
6
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Sec-  
tion 2.2 of Publication Number 95.  
N
α
20  
20  
7
0°  
8°  
0°  
8°  
-
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.  
Rev. 1 6/04  
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or  
gate burrs. Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not  
exceed 0.15mm (0.006 inch) per side.  
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protru-  
sions. Interlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed  
0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side.  
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a  
visual index feature must be located within the cross-  
hatched area.  
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.  
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.  
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.  
9. Dimension “B” does not include dambar protrusion. Allow-  
able dambar protrusion shall be 0.10mm (0.004 inch) total  
in excess of “B” dimension at maximum material condition.  
10. Controlling dimension: INCHES. Converted millimeter di-  
mensions are not necessarily exact.  
For additional products, see www.intersil.com/product_tree  
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems as noted  
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/design/quality  
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications  
at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by  
Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any  
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any  
patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.  
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com  
FN9169.4  
December 4, 2009  
21  

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