LP3966ET-ADJ [TI]

3A Fast Ultra Low Dropout Linear Regulators;
LP3966ET-ADJ
型号: LP3966ET-ADJ
厂家: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS    TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
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3A Fast Ultra Low Dropout Linear Regulators

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LP3963, LP3966  
www.ti.com  
SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
LP3963/LP3966 3A Fast Ultra Low Dropout Linear Regulators  
Check for Samples: LP3963, LP3966  
1
FEATURES  
DESCRIPTION  
The LP3963/LP3966 series of fast ultra low-dropout  
linear regulators operate from a +2.5V to +7.0V input  
supply. Wide range of preset output voltage options  
are available. These ultra low dropout linear  
regulators respond very quickly to step changes in  
load which makes them suitable for low voltage  
microprocessor applications. The LP3963/LP3966 are  
developed on a CMOS process which allows low  
quiescent current operation independent of output  
load current. This CMOS process also allows the  
LP3963/LP3966 to operate under extremely low  
dropout conditions.  
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Ultra Low Dropout Voltage  
Low Ground Pin Current  
Load Regulation of 0.06%  
15µA Quiescent Current in Shutdown Mode  
Specified Output Current of 3A DC  
Available in DDPAK/TO-263 and TO-220  
Packages  
Output Voltage Accuracy ± 1.5%  
Error Flag Indicates Output Status (LP3963)  
Sense Option Improves Load Regulation  
(LP3966)  
Dropout Voltage: Ultra low dropout voltage; typically  
80mV at 300mA load current and 800mV at 3A load  
current.  
Minimum Output Capacitor Requirements  
Overtemperature/Overcurrent Protection  
40°C to +125°C Junction Temperature Range  
Ground Pin Current: Typically 6mA at 3A load  
current.  
Shutdown Mode: Typically 15µA quiescent current  
when the shutdown pin is pulled low.  
APPLICATIONS  
Microprocessor Power Supplies  
GTL, GTL+, BTL, and SSTL Bus Terminators  
Power Supplies for DSPs  
SCSI Terminator  
Error Flag: Error flag goes low when the output  
voltage drops 10% below nominal value (for LP3963).  
SENSE: Sense pin improves regulation at remote  
loads. (For LP3966)  
Post Regulators  
Precision Output Voltage: Multiple output voltage  
options are available ranging from 1.2V to 5.0V and  
adjustable (LP3966), with a specified accuracy of  
±1.5% at room temperature, and ±3.0% over all  
conditions (varying line, load, and temperature).  
High Efficiency Linear Regulators  
Battery Chargers  
Other Battery Powered Applications  
Typical Application Circuits  
*SD and ERROR pins must be pulled high through a 10kpull-up resistor. Connect the ERROR pin to ground if this  
function is not used. See Application Hints for more information.  
1
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Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.  
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.  
2
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.  
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas  
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not  
necessarily include testing of all parameters.  
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LP3963, LP3966  
SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
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*SD and ERROR pins must be pulled high through a 10kpull-up resistor. Connect the ERROR pin to ground if this  
function is not used. See Application Hints for more information.  
Block DiagramLP3963  
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SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
Block DiagramLP3966  
Block DiagramLP3966-ADJ  
Connection Diagram  
Figure 1. Top View  
TO-220-5 Package  
Figure 2. Top View  
DDPAK/TO-263-5 Package  
Bent, Staggered Leads  
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Pin Descriptions for TO-220-5 and DDPAK/TO-263-5 Packages  
LP3963  
LP3966  
Pin #  
Name  
SD  
Function  
Name  
SD  
Function  
1
2
3
4
5
Shutdown  
Shutdown  
VIN  
Input Supply  
Ground  
VIN  
Input Supply  
Ground  
GND  
VOUT  
ERROR  
GND  
Output Voltage  
ERROR Flag  
VOUT  
Output Voltage  
SENSE/ADJ  
Remote Sense Pin/Output  
Adjust Pin  
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam  
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.  
(1)(2)  
Absolute Maximum Ratings  
Storage Temperature Range  
65°C to +150°C  
260°C  
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 sec.)  
(3)  
ESD Rating  
2 kV  
(4)  
Power Dissipation  
Internally Limited  
0.3V to +7.5V  
0.3V to VIN+0.3V  
0.3V to +7.5V  
Short Circuit Protected  
VIN+0.3V  
Input Supply Voltage (Survival)  
Shutdown Input Voltage (Survival)  
(5) (6)  
Output Voltage (Survival)  
IOUT (Survival)  
Maximum Voltage for ERROR Pin  
Maximum Voltage for SENSE Pin  
VOUT+0.3V  
(1) Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating ratings indicate conditions for which  
the device is intended to be functional, but does not specify performance limits. For ensured specifications and test conditions, see  
Electrical Characteristics. The ensured specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may  
degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions.  
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and  
specifications.  
(3) The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kresistor into each pin.  
(4) At elevated temperatures, devices must be derated based on package thermal resistance. The devices in TO-220 package must be  
derated at θjA = 50°C/W (with 0.5in2, 1oz. copper area), junction-to-ambient (with no heat sink). The devices in the DDPAK/TO-263  
surface-mount package must be derated at θjA = 60°C/W (with 0.5in2, 1oz. copper area), junction-to-ambient. See Application Hints.  
(5) If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP396X output must be diode-clamped to  
ground.  
(6) The output PMOS structure contains a diode between the VIN and VOUT terminals. This diode is normally reverse biased. This diode will  
get forward biased if the voltage at the output terminal is forced to be higher than the voltage at the input terminal. This diode can  
typically withstand 200mA of DC current and 1Amp of peak current.  
Operating Ratings  
(1)  
Input Supply Voltage (Operating),  
Shutdown Input Voltage (Operating)  
Maximum Operating Current (DC)  
Operating Junction Temp. Range  
2.5V to 7.0V  
0.3V to VIN+0.3V  
3A  
40°C to +125°C  
(1) The minimum operating value for VIN is equal to either [VOUT(NOM) + VDROPOUT] or 2.5V, whichever is greater.  
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Electrical Characteristics  
LP3963/LP3966  
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range.  
Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1.5V, IL = 10 mA, COUT =33µF, VSD = VIN-0.3V.  
(1)  
(2)  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Typ  
LP3963/6  
Min  
Units  
Max  
Output Voltage Tolerance(3)  
VOUT +1.5V < VIN< 7.0V  
10 mA < IL < 3A  
-1.5  
-3.0  
+1.5  
+3.0  
VO  
0
%
Adjust Pin Voltage (ADJ version) 10 mA IL 3A  
VOUT +1.5V VIN7.0V  
1.198  
1.180  
1.234  
1.253  
VADJ  
1.216  
V
ΔV OL  
Output Voltage Line Regulation  
VOUT +1.5V < VIN < 7.0V  
0.02  
0.06  
%
(3)  
ΔVO/ ΔIOUT  
Output Voltage Load Regulation 10 mA < IL < 3A  
0.06  
0.01  
%
(3)  
VIN - VOUT  
IL = 300 mA  
80  
800  
5
100  
120  
(4)  
Dropout Voltage  
mV  
IL = 3A  
1000  
1200  
IL = 300 mA  
9
10  
Ground Pin Current In Normal  
Operation Mode  
IGND  
mA  
IL = 3A  
6
14  
15  
IGND  
Ground Pin Current In Shutdown  
Mode  
V
SD 0.2V  
15  
4.5  
25  
75  
µA  
A
(5)  
(6)  
IO(PK)  
Peak Output Current  
See  
4
3.5  
SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION  
ISC Short Circuit Current  
OVER TEMPERATURE PROTECTION  
5.5  
A
Tsh(t)  
Shutdown Threshold  
165  
10  
°C  
°C  
Tsh(h)  
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis  
SHUTDOWN INPUT  
Output = High  
Output = Low  
IL = 3A  
VIN  
0
VIN–0.3  
VSDT  
Shutdown Threshold  
V
0.2  
TdOFF  
Turn-off delay  
Turn-on delay  
SD Input Current  
20  
25  
1
µs  
µs  
nA  
TdON  
IL = 3A  
ISD  
VSD = VIN  
ERROR FLAG  
(7)  
VT  
VTH  
Threshold  
See  
10  
5
5
2
16  
8
%
%
V
(7)  
Threshold Hysteresis  
Error Flag Saturation  
Flag Reset Delay  
See  
VEF(Sat)  
Td  
Isink = 100µA  
0.02  
1
0.1  
µs  
(1) Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely parametric norm.  
(2) Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are specified through correlation using  
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate TI's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).  
(3) Output voltage line regulation is defined as the change in output voltage from the nominal value due to change in the input line voltage.  
Output voltage load regulation is defined as the change in output voltage from the nominal value due to change in load current. The line  
and load regulation specification contains only the typical number. However, the limits for line and load regulation are included in the  
output voltage tolerance specification.  
(4) Dropout voltage is defined as the minimum input to output differential voltage at which the output drops 2% below the nominal value.  
Dropout voltage specification applies only to output voltages of 2.5V and above. For output voltages below 2.5V, the drop-out voltage is  
nothing but the input to output differential, since the minimum input voltage is 2.5V.  
(5) This specification has been tested for 40°C TJ 85°C since the temperature rise of the device is negligible under shutdown  
conditions.  
(6) At elevated temperatures, devices must be derated based on package thermal resistance. The devices in TO-220 package must be  
derated at θjA = 50°C/W (with 0.5in2, 1oz. copper area), junction-to-ambient (with no heat sink). The devices in the DDPAK/TO-263  
surface-mount package must be derated at θjA = 60°C/W (with 0.5in2, 1oz. copper area), junction-to-ambient. See Application Hints.  
(7) Error Flag threshold and hysteresis are specified as percentage of regulated output voltage. See Application Hints.  
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Electrical Characteristics  
LP3963/LP3966 (continued)  
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range.  
Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1.5V, IL = 10 mA, COUT =33µF, VSD = VIN-0.3V.  
(1)  
(2)  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Typ  
LP3963/6  
Min  
Units  
Max  
Ilk  
Error Flag Pin Leakage Current  
Error Flag Pin Sink Current  
1
1
nA  
Imax  
VError = 0.5V  
mA  
AC PARAMETERS  
VIN = VOUT + 1.5V  
COUT = 100uF  
VOUT = 3.3V  
60  
PSRR  
Ripple Rejection  
dB  
VIN = VOUT + 0.3V  
COUT = 100uF  
VOUT = 3.3V  
40  
ρn(l/f  
Output Noise Density  
f = 120Hz  
0.8  
150  
100  
µV  
BW = 10Hz – 100kHz  
BW = 300Hz – 300kHz  
en  
Output Noise Voltage (rms)  
µV (rms)  
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Typical Performance Characteristics  
Unless otherwise specified, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1.5V, VOUT= 2.5V, COUT = 33µF, IOUT = 10mA, CIN = 68µF, VSD = VIN, and TA =  
25°C.  
Drop-Out Voltage  
Drop-Out Voltage  
Vs  
Vs  
Temperature (IL = 100mA, 1A, VOUT = 2.5V, Dropout at 50mV  
Down)  
Temperature for Different Load Currents  
Figure 3.  
Figure 4.  
Ground Pin Current  
Vs  
Input Voltage (VSD=VIN  
Ground Pin Current  
Vs  
Input Voltage (VSD=100mV)  
)
Figure 5.  
Figure 6.  
Ground Current  
Vs  
Temperature (VSD=VIN  
Ground Current  
Vs  
Temperature (VSD=0V)  
)
Figure 7.  
Figure 8.  
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)  
Unless otherwise specified, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1.5V, VOUT= 2.5V, COUT = 33µF, IOUT = 10mA, CIN = 68µF, VSD = VIN, and TA =  
25°C.  
Ground Pin Current  
Input Voltage  
Vs  
Vs  
Shutdown Pin Voltage  
Output Voltage  
Figure 9.  
Figure 10.  
Output Noise Density, VOUT= 2.5V  
Output Noise Density, VOUT= 5V  
Figure 11.  
Figure 12.  
Ripple Rejection  
vs  
Load Transient Response  
Frequency  
Figure 13.  
Figure 14.  
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)  
Unless otherwise specified, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1.5V, VOUT= 2.5V, COUT = 33µF, IOUT = 10mA, CIN = 68µF, VSD = VIN, and TA =  
25°C.  
δVOUT  
vs  
Temperature  
Noise Density VIN = 3.5V, VOUT = 2.5V, IL = 10 mA  
Figure 15.  
Figure 16.  
Line Transient Response  
Line Transient Response  
Figure 17.  
Figure 18.  
Line Transient Response (IOUT = 3.0A)  
Line Transient Response (IOUT = 3.0A)  
Figure 19.  
Figure 20.  
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APPLICATION HINTS  
EXTERNAL CAPACITORS  
Like any low-dropout regulator, external capacitors are required to assure stability. these capacitors must be  
correctly selected for proper performance.  
INPUT CAPACITOR: The LP3963/6 requires a low source impedance to maintain regulator stability because the  
internal bias circuitry is connected directly to VIN. The input capacitor must be located less than 1 cm from the  
LP3963/6 device and connected directly to the input and ground pins using traces which have no other currents  
flowing through them (see PCB LAYOUT).  
The minimum allowable input capacitance for a given application depends on the type of the capacitor and ESR  
(equivalent series resistance). A lower ESR capacitor allows the use of less capacitance, while higher ESR types  
(like aluminum electrolytics) require more capacitance.  
The lowest value of input capacitance that can be used for stable full-load operation is 68 µF (assuming it is a  
ceramic or low-ESR Tantalum with ESR less than 100 m).  
To determine the minimum input capacitance amount and ESR value, an approximation which should be used is:  
CIN ESR (m) / CIN (µF) 1.5  
This shows that input capacitors with higher ESR values can be used if sufficient total capacitance is provided.  
Capacitor types (aluminum, ceramic, and tantalum) can be mixed in parallel, but the total equivalent input  
capacitance/ESR must be defined as above to assure stable operation.  
IMPORTANT: The input capacitor must maintain its ESR and capacitance in the "stable range" over the entire  
temperature range of the application to assure stability (see CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS).  
OUTPUT CAPACITOR: An output capacitor is also required for loop stability. It must be located less than 1 cm  
from the LP3963/6 device and connected directly to the output and ground pins using traces which have no other  
currents flowing through them (see PCB LAYOUT).  
The minimum value of the output capacitance that can be used for stable full-load operation is 33 µF, but it may  
be increased without limit. The output capacitor's ESR is critical because it forms a zero to provide phase lead  
which is required for loop stability. The ESR must fall within the specified range:  
0.2Ω ≤ COUT ESR 5Ω  
The lower limit of 200 mmeans that ceramic capacitors are not suitable for use as LP3963/6 output capacitors  
(but can be used on the input). Some ceramic capacitance can be used on the output if the total equivalent ESR  
is in the stable range: when using a 100 µF Tantalum as the output capacitor, approximately 3 µF of ceramic  
capacitance can be applied before stability becomes marginal.  
IMPORTANT: The output capacitor must meet the requirements for minimum amount of capacitance and also  
have an appropriate ESR value over the full temperature range of the application to assure stability (see  
CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS).  
SELECTING A CAPACITOR  
It is important to note that capacitance tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into consideration  
when selecting a capacitor so that the minimum required amount of capacitance is provided over the full  
operating temperature range. In general, a good Tantalum capacitor will show very little capacitance variation  
with temperature, but a ceramic may not be as good (depending on dielectric type). Aluminum electrolytics also  
typically have large temperature variation of capacitance value.  
Equally important to consider is a capacitor's ESR change with temperature: this is not an issue with ceramics,  
as their ESR is extremely low. However, it is very important in Tantalum and aluminum electrolytic capacitors.  
Both show increasing ESR at colder temperatures, but the increase in aluminum electrolytic capacitors is so  
severe they may not be feasible for some applications (see CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS).  
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CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS  
CERAMIC: For values of capacitance in the 10 to 100 µF range, ceramics are usually larger and more costly  
than tantalums but give superior AC performance for bypassing high frequency noise because of very low ESR  
(typically less than 10 m). However, some dielectric types do not have good capacitance characteristics as a  
function of voltage and temperature.  
Z5U and Y5V dielectric ceramics have capacitance that drops severely with applied voltage. A typical Z5U or  
Y5V capacitor can lose 60% of its rated capacitance with half of the rated voltage applied to it. The Z5U and Y5V  
also exhibit a severe temperature effect, losing more than 50% of nominal capacitance at high and low limits of  
the temperature range.  
X7R and X5R dielectric ceramic capacitors are strongly recommended if ceramics are used, as they typically  
maintain a capacitance range within ±20% of nominal over full operating ratings of temperature and voltage. Of  
course, they are typically larger and more costly than Z5U/Y5U types for a given voltage and capacitance.  
TANTALUM: Solid Tantalum capacitors are recommended for use on the output because their typical ESR is  
very close to the ideal value required for loop compensation. They also work well as input capacitors if selected  
to meet the ESR requirements previously listed.  
Tantalums also have good temperature stability: a good quality Tantalum will typically show a capacitance value  
that varies less than 10-15% across the full temperature range of 125°C to 40°C. ESR will vary only about 2X  
going from the high to low temperature limits.  
The increasing ESR at lower temperatures can cause oscillations when marginal quality capacitors are used (if  
the ESR of the capacitor is near the upper limit of the stability range at room temperature).  
ALUMINUM: This capacitor type offers the most capacitance for the money. The disadvantages are that they are  
larger in physical size, not widely available in surface mount, and have poor AC performance (especially at  
higher frequencies) due to higher ESR and ESL.  
Compared by size, the ESR of an aluminum electrolytic is higher than either Tantalum or ceramic, and it also  
varies greatly with temperature. A typical aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an ESR increase of as much as 50X  
when going from 25°C down to 40°C.  
It should also be noted that many aluminum electrolytics only specify impedance at a frequency of 120 Hz, which  
indicates they have poor high frequency performance. Only aluminum electrolytics that have an impedance  
specified at a higher frequency (between 20 kHz and 100 kHz) should be used for the LP396X. Derating must be  
applied to the manufacturer's ESR specification, since it is typically only valid at room temperature.  
Any applications using aluminum electrolytics should be thoroughly tested at the lowest ambient operating  
temperature where ESR is maximum.  
PCB LAYOUT  
Good PC layout practices must be used or instability can be induced because of ground loops and voltage drops.  
The input and output capacitors must be directly connected to the input, output, and ground pins of the LP3963/6  
using traces which do not have other currents flowing in them Kelvin connect).  
The best way to do this is to lay out CIN and COUT near the device with short traces to the VIN, VOUT, and ground  
pins. The regulator ground pin should be connected to the external circuit ground so that the regulator and its  
capacitors have a "single point ground".  
It should be noted that stability problems have been seen in applications where "vias" to an internal ground plane  
were used at the ground points of the LP3963/6 IC and the input and output capacitors. This was caused by  
varying ground potentials at these nodes resulting from current flowing through the ground plane. Using a single  
point ground technique for the regulator and it's capacitors fixed the problem.  
Since high current flows through the traces going into VIN and coming from VOUT, Kelvin connect the capacitor  
leads to these pins so there is no voltage drop in series with the input and output capacitors.  
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RFI/EMI SUSCEPTIBILITY  
RFI (radio frequency interference) and EMI (electromagnetic interference) can degrade any integrated circuit's  
performance because of the small dimensions of the geometries inside the device. In applications where circuit  
sources are present which generate signals with significant high frequency energy content (> 1 MHz), care must  
be taken to ensure that this does not affect the IC regulator.  
If RFI/EMI noise is present on the input side of the LP396X regulator (such as applications where the input  
source comes from the output of a switching regulator), good ceramic bypass capacitors must be used at the  
input pin of the LP396X.  
If a load is connected to the LP396X output which switches at high speed (such as a clock), the high-frequency  
current pulses required by the load must be supplied by the capacitors on the LP396X output. Since the  
bandwidth of the regulator loop is less than 100 kHz, the control circuitry cannot respond to load changes above  
that frequency. The means the effective output impedance of the LP396X at frequencies above 100 kHz is  
determined only by the output capacitor(s).  
In applications where the load is switching at high speed, the output of the LP396X may need RF isolation from  
the load. It is recommended that some inductance be placed between the LP396X output capacitor and the load,  
and good RF bypass capacitors be placed directly across the load.  
PCB layout is also critical in high noise environments, since RFI/EMI is easily radiated directly into PC traces.  
Noisy circuitry should be isolated from "clean" circuits where possible, and grounded through a separate path. At  
MHz frequencies, ground planes begin to look inductive and RFI/EMI can cause ground bounce across the  
ground plane.  
In multi-layer PCB applications, care should be taken in layout so that noisy power and ground planes do not  
radiate directly into adjacent layers which carry analog power and ground.  
OUTPUT ADJUSTMENT  
An adjustable output device has output voltage range of 1.216V to 5.1V. To obtain a desired output voltage, the  
following equation can be used with R1 always a 10kresistor.  
For output stability, CF must be between 68pF and 100pF.  
TURN-ON CHARACTERISTICS FOR OUTPUT VOLTAGES PROGRAMMED TO 2.0V OR BELOW  
As Vin increases during start-up, the regulator output will track the input until Vin reaches the minimum operating  
voltage (typically about 2.2V). For output voltages programmed to 2.0V or below, the regulator output may  
momentarily exceed its programmed output voltage during start up. Outputs programmed to voltages above 2.0V  
are not affected by this behavior.  
OUTPUT NOISE  
Noise is specified in two ways-  
Spot Noise or Output noise density is the RMS sum of all noise sources, measured at the regulator output, at  
a specific frequency (measured with a 1Hz bandwidth). This type of noise is usually plotted on a curve as a  
function of frequency.  
Total output Noise or Broad-band noise is the RMS sum of spot noise over a specified bandwidth, usually  
several decades of frequencies.  
Attention should be paid to the units of measurement. Spot noise is measured in units µV/Hz or nV/Hz and  
total output noise is measured in µV(rms).  
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LP3963, LP3966  
www.ti.com  
SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
The primary source of noise in low-dropout regulators is the internal reference. In CMOS regulators, noise has a  
low frequency component and a high frequency component, which depend strongly on the silicon area and  
quiescent current. Noise can be reduced in two ways: by increasing the transistor area or by increasing the  
current drawn by the internal reference. Increasing the area will decrease the chance of fitting the die into a  
smaller package. Increasing the current drawn by the internal reference increases the total supply current  
(ground pin current). Using an optimized trade-off of ground pin current and die size, LP3963/LP3966 achieves  
low noise performance and low quiescent current operation.  
The total output noise specification for LP3963/LP3966 is presented in the Electrical Characteristics table. The  
Output noise density at different frequencies is represented by a curve under typical performance characteristics.  
SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION  
The LP3963 and LP3966 is short circuit protected and in the event of a peak over-current condition, the short-  
circuit control loop will rapidly drive the output PMOS pass element off. Once the power pass element shuts  
down, the control loop will rapidly cycle the output on and off until the average power dissipation causes the  
thermal shutdown circuit to respond to servo the on/off cycling to a lower frequency. Please refer to the POWER  
DISSIPATION/HEATSINKING for power dissipation calculations.  
ERROR FLAG OPERATION  
The LP3963/LP3966 produces a logic low signal at the Error Flag pin when the output drops out of regulation  
due to low input voltage, current limiting, or thermal limiting. This flag has a built in hysteresis. The timing  
diagram in Figure 21 shows the relationship between the ERROR flag and the output voltage. In this example,  
the input voltage is changed to demonstrate the functionality of the Error Flag.  
The internal Error flag comparator has an open drain output stage. Hence, the ERROR pin should be pulled high  
through a pull up resistor. Although the ERROR flag pin can sink current of 1mA, this current is energy drain  
from the input supply. Hence, the value of the pull up resistor should be in the range of 10kto 1M. The  
ERROR pin must be connected to ground if this function is not used. It should also be noted that when the  
shutdown pin is pulled low, the ERROR pin is forced to be invalid for reasons of saving power in shutdown  
mode.  
Figure 21. Error Flag Operation  
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LP3963, LP3966  
SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
www.ti.com  
SENSE PIN  
In applications where the regulator output is not very close to the load, LP3966 can provide better remote load  
regulation using the SENSE pin. Figure 22 depicts the advantage of the SENSE option. LP3963 regulates the  
voltage at the output pin. Hence, the voltage at the remote load will be the regulator output voltage minus the  
drop across the trace resistance. For example, in the case of a 3.3V output, if the trace resistance is 100m, the  
voltage at the remote load will be 3V with 3A of load current, ILOAD. The LP3966 regulates the voltage at the  
sense pin. Connecting the sense pin to the remote load will provide regulation at the remote load, as shown in  
Figure 22. If the sense option pin is not required, the sense pin must be connected to the VOUT pin.  
Figure 22. Improving remote load regulation using LP3966  
SHUTDOWN OPERATION  
A CMOS Logic level signal at the shutdown (SD) pin will turn-off the regulator. Pin SD must be actively  
terminated through a 10kpull-up resistor for a proper operation. If this pin is driven from a source that actively  
pulls high and low (such as a CMOS rail to rail comparator), the pull-up resistor is not required. This pin must be  
tied to Vin if not used.  
DROPOUT VOLTAGE  
The dropout voltage of a regulator is defined as the minimum input-to-output differential required to stay within  
2% of the nominal output voltage. The LP3963/LP3966 use an internal MOSFET with an Rds(on) of 240mΩ  
(typically). For CMOS LDOs, the dropout voltage is the product of the load current and the Rds(on) of the internal  
MOSFET.  
REVERSE CURRENT PATH  
The internal MOSFET in LP3963 and LP3966 has an inherent parasitic diode. During normal operation, the input  
voltage is higher than the output voltage and the parasitic diode is reverse biased. However, if the output is  
pulled above the input in an application, then current flows from the output to the input as the parasitic diode gets  
forward biased. The output can be pulled above the input as long as the current in the parasitic diode is limited to  
200mA continuous and 1A peak.  
POWER DISSIPATION/HEATSINKING  
LP3963 and LP3966 can deliver a continuous current of 3A over the full operating temperature range. A heatsink  
may be required depending on the maximum power dissipation and maximum ambient temperature of the  
application. Under all possible conditions, the junction temperature must be within the range specified under  
operating conditions. The total power dissipation of the device is given by:  
PD = (VINVOUT)IOUT+ (VIN)IGND  
where IGND is the operating ground current of the device (specified under Electrical Characteristics).  
14  
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Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
Product Folder Links: LP3963 LP3966  
 
LP3963, LP3966  
www.ti.com  
SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
The maximum allowable temperature rise (TRmax) depends on the maximum ambient temperature (TAmax) of the  
application, and the maximum allowable junction temperature (TJmax):  
TRmax = TJmaxTAmax  
The maximum allowable value for junction to ambient Thermal Resistance, θJA, can be calculated using the  
formula:  
θJA = TRmax / PD  
LP3963 and LP3966 are available in TO-220 and DDPAK/TO-263 packages. The thermal resistance depends on  
amount of copper area or heat sink, and on air flow. If the maximum allowable value of θJA calculated above is ≥  
60 °C/W for TO-220 package and 60 °C/W for DDPAK/TO-263 package no heatsink is needed since the  
package can dissipate enough heat to satisfy these requirements. If the value for allowable θJA falls below these  
limits, a heat sink is required.  
HEATSINKING TO-220 PACKAGE  
The thermal resistance of a TO-220 package can be reduced by attaching it to a heat sink or a copper plane on  
a PC board. If a copper plane is to be used, the values of θJA will be same as shown in next section for  
DDPAK/TO-263 package.  
The heatsink to be used in the application should have a heatsink to ambient thermal resistance,  
θHA≤ θJA − θCH − θJC.  
In this equation, θCH is the thermal resistance from the case to the surface of the heat sink and θJC is the thermal  
resistance from the junction to the surface of the case. θJC is about 3°C/W for a TO-220 package. The value for  
θCH depends on method of attachment, insulator, etc. θCH varies between 1.5°C/W to 2.5°C/W. If the exact value  
is unknown, 2°C/W can be assumed.  
HEATSINKING DDPAK/TO-263 PACKAGE  
The DDPAK/TO-263 package uses the copper plane on the PCB as a heatsink. The tab of these packages are  
soldered to the copper plane for heat sinking. Figure 23 shows a curve for the θJA of DDPAK/TO-263 package for  
different copper area sizes, using a typical PCB with 1 ounce copper and no solder mask over the copper area  
for heat sinking.  
Figure 23. θJA vs Copper (1 Ounce) Area for DDPAK/TO-263 package  
As shown in the figure, increasing the copper area beyond 1 square inch produces very little improvement. The  
minimum value for θJA for the DDPAK/TO-263 package mounted to a PCB is 32°C/W.  
Figure 24 shows the maximum allowable power dissipation for DDPAK/TO-263 packages for different ambient  
temperatures, assuming θJA is 35°C/W and the maximum junction temperature is 125°C.  
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
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LP3963, LP3966  
SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
www.ti.com  
Figure 24. Maximum power dissipation vs ambient temperature for DDPAK/TO-263 package  
16  
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Product Folder Links: LP3963 LP3966  
LP3963, LP3966  
www.ti.com  
SNVS067H APRIL 2000REVISED APRIL 2013  
REVISION HISTORY  
Changes from Revision G (April 2013) to Revision H  
Page  
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 15  
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
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17  
Product Folder Links: LP3963 LP3966  
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM  
www.ti.com  
6-Dec-2014  
PACKAGING INFORMATION  
Orderable Device  
LP3963ES-2.5  
Status Package Type Package Pins Package  
Eco Plan  
Lead/Ball Finish  
MSL Peak Temp  
Op Temp (°C)  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
Device Marking  
Samples  
Drawing  
Qty  
(1)  
(2)  
(6)  
(3)  
(4/5)  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
KTT  
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
45  
TBD  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3963ES  
-2.5  
LP3963ES-2.5/NOPB  
LP3963ES-3.3  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
45  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
LP3963ES  
-2.5  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
TBD  
LP3963ES  
-3.3  
LP3963ES-3.3/NOPB  
LP3963ESX-2.5/NOPB  
LP3963ESX-3.3  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3963ES  
-3.3  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
500  
500  
500  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
LP3963ES  
-2.5  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
TBD  
LP3963ES  
-3.3  
LP3963ESX-3.3/NOPB  
LP3966ES-1.8  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3963ES  
-3.3  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
TBD  
LP3966ES  
-1.8  
LP3966ES-1.8/NOPB  
LP3966ES-2.5  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3966ES  
-1.8  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
TBD  
LP3966ES  
-2.5  
LP3966ES-2.5/NOPB  
LP3966ES-3.3  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3966ES  
-2.5  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
TBD  
LP3966ES  
-3.3  
LP3966ES-3.3/NOPB  
LP3966ES-ADJ  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3966ES  
-3.3  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
TBD  
LP3966ES  
-ADJ  
LP3966ES-ADJ/NOPB  
LP3966ESX-1.8  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3966ES  
-ADJ  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
500  
500  
TBD  
LP3966ES  
-1.8  
LP3966ESX-1.8/NOPB  
ACTIVE  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
LP3966ES  
-1.8  
Addendum-Page 1  
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM  
www.ti.com  
6-Dec-2014  
Orderable Device  
Status Package Type Package Pins Package  
Eco Plan  
Lead/Ball Finish  
MSL Peak Temp  
Op Temp (°C)  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
-40 to 125  
Device Marking  
Samples  
Drawing  
Qty  
(1)  
(2)  
(6)  
(3)  
(4/5)  
LP3966ESX-2.5  
LP3966ESX-2.5/NOPB  
LP3966ESX-3.3/NOPB  
LP3966ESX-ADJ  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
KTT  
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
500  
TBD  
Call TI  
CU SN  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
CU SN  
Call TI  
LP3966ES  
-2.5  
ACTIVE  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
NDH  
NDH  
500  
500  
500  
500  
45  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3966ES  
-2.5  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
LP3966ES  
-3.3  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
TBD  
LP3966ES  
-ADJ  
LP3966ESX-ADJ/NOPB  
LP3966ET-ADJ  
ACTIVE  
NRND  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
Pb-Free (RoHS  
Exempt)  
Level-3-245C-168 HR  
Call TI  
LP3966ES  
-ADJ  
TO-220  
TBD  
LP3966ET  
-ADJ  
LP3966ET-ADJ/NOPB  
ACTIVE  
TO-220  
45  
Green (RoHS  
& no Sb/Br)  
Level-1-NA-UNLIM  
LP3966ET  
-ADJ  
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:  
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.  
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.  
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.  
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.  
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.  
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability  
information and additional product content details.  
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.  
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that  
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.  
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between  
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.  
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight  
in homogeneous material)  
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.  
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.  
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation  
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.  
Addendum-Page 2  
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM  
www.ti.com  
6-Dec-2014  
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish  
value exceeds the maximum column width.  
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information  
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and  
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.  
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.  
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.  
Addendum-Page 3  
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION  
www.ti.com  
5-Dec-2014  
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION  
*All dimensions are nominal  
Device  
Package Package Pins  
Type Drawing  
SPQ  
Reel  
Reel  
A0  
B0  
K0  
P1  
W
Pin1  
Diameter Width (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Quadrant  
(mm) W1 (mm)  
LP3963ESX-2.5/NOPB DDPAK/  
TO-263  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
330.0  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
24.4  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
10.75 14.85  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
5.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
16.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
24.0  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
Q2  
LP3963ESX-3.3  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3963ESX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3966ESX-1.8  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3966ESX-1.8/NOPB DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3966ESX-2.5  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3966ESX-2.5/NOPB DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3966ESX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3966ESX-ADJ  
DDPAK/  
TO-263  
LP3966ESX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/  
TO-263  
Pack Materials-Page 1  
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION  
www.ti.com  
5-Dec-2014  
*All dimensions are nominal  
Device  
Package Type Package Drawing Pins  
SPQ  
Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)  
LP3963ESX-2.5/NOPB  
LP3963ESX-3.3  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
DDPAK/TO-263  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
KTT  
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
500  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
367.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
45.0  
LP3963ESX-3.3/NOPB  
LP3966ESX-1.8  
LP3966ESX-1.8/NOPB  
LP3966ESX-2.5  
LP3966ESX-2.5/NOPB  
LP3966ESX-3.3/NOPB  
LP3966ESX-ADJ  
LP3966ESX-ADJ/NOPB  
Pack Materials-Page 2  
MECHANICAL DATA  
NDH0005D  
www.ti.com  
MECHANICAL DATA  
KTT0005B  
TS5B (Rev D)  
BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE  
www.ti.com  
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